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Industrial Revolutio
Unit 3: The Industrial Revolution
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| machinery | a group of large machines |
| death rate/mortality rate | the number of deaths every year for a particular population |
| nutrition | food that is needed to grow and be healthy |
| advance | progress or development |
| wheat | a plant grown for its grain that is used to produce the flour for bread, cakes, pasta, etc. |
| turnip | a round white, or white and purple, root vegetable |
| barley | a plant grown for its grain that is used for making food, beer and whisky |
| clover | a small wild plant that usually has three leaves on each stem |
| manure | the waste matter from animals that is spread over the soil to help plants grow |
| iron plough | a farm tool for loosening or turning the soil before planting |
| peasant | a poor agricultural labourer of low social status |
| fodder | food, especially dried hay or straw, for domestic animals |
| income | money received on a regular basis for work |
| infrastructure | the basic systems and services, such as transport and power supplies, that a country uses in order to work effectively |
| tariff | a tax imposed by one country on the goods and services imported from another country |
| coal | a black rock consisting of carbonized plant matter, used as fuel |
| tool | a piece of equipment that you use to help you do a job |
| manufacture | make something on a large scale using machinery |
| raw material | the basic material from which a product is made |
| spinning | the act of producing thread from short lengths of fiber |
| weaving | a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of threads are interlaced to form a fabric |
| blast furnace | a large structure in which iron ore is heated under pressure so that it melts and the pure iron metal separates |
| wrought iron | strong pure iron that could be bent easily to make chains and other products |
| steamboat | a boat that has an engine powered by steam |
| steam engine | an engine in which the energy of hot steam is converted into mechanical power |
| locomotive | a train car that pulls the other cars along the track |
| industrialisation | the process of transforming the economy from a focus on agriculture to a reliance on manufacturing |
| combustion engine | a heat engine that was used to power automobiles |
| pharmaceutical | any kind of drug used for medicinal purposes |
| synthetics | fabric made of artificial materials |
| pass laws | to approve new rules in a country's government |
| attempt | an effort to achieve something or complete a difficult task |
| railway network | the whole system of railway lines in a country |
| corporation | a large company or group of companies |
| life expectancy | the number of years that a person may expect to live |
| rural population | people living in the countryside |
| leisure | the use of free time for enjoyment |
| journal | a newspaper or magazine that deals with a particular subject or field |
| wealth | an abundance of valuable possessions or money |
| tradesman | 1. a man who buys and sells goods 2. a skilled worker that specializes in a particular trade or craft |
| right of assembly | the right to hold public meetings or gatherings without the government interfering |
| trade union | an organized association of workers in a profession, formed to protect their rights and interests |
| anarchist | a person who rebels against any authority or ruling power |
| association | a group of people organized for a joint purpose |
| mass production | the industrial technique to produce large quantities of similar products in constant flow on production lines |
Created by:
livia.pasztor
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