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History Unit 2 Test
| A formal contract or agreement between God and His People | covenant |
| Ten rules God gave to Moses atop Mount Sinai; they emphasize moral behavior | 10 Commandments |
| To recruit new members into your own religion | Proselytize |
| Also known as the Hebrew Bible, written and compiled over 1000+ years | Old Testament |
| First five books of the Hebrew Bible; literally means “instruction” or “law” | Torah |
| A collection of writings that explain and expand upon Jewish religious law in greater detail; helped for the basis of Jewish orthodox teachings | Talmud |
| The first Hebrew patriarch who follows God’s word and travels from Mesopotamia to Canaan. He is known for his deep faith in God and for being the father of the three major monothiestic religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam | Abraham |
| Freed the Jews from the Egyptians and is considered one of the most important prophets. He led the Jews through the desert for decades trying to get back to the Promised Land. | Moses |
| Kills Goliath, second king of the Hebrew Kingdom, father of Solomon | King David |
| Someone/a messenger sent by God | Prophet |
| An area that fell under Roman rule and an area in which Jesus emerged | Province of Judea |
| Roman; prefect who was charge of keeping peace in the area in which Jesus was gaining popularity and therefore wanted to quiet Jesus, sentenced him to death | Pontius Pilate |
| A group of scholars and experts on Jewish law who had brokered a level of peace with the Romans; did not believe Jesus was the Messiah | Pharisees |
| Believed in using force to rebel against the Romans | Zealots |
| Savior/liberator/Jesus | Messiah |
| Sermon on the Mount Easter | One of the sermons detailed in the New Testament. Jesus tells his followers how to pray, and to be good to those around them. |
| Followers of Jesus; spread his message after he died | Apostles |
| One of Jesus' apostles, spread his word to Europe after he died | St. Peter |
| The area where Muhammed was born and lived | Arabian Peninsula |
| Tribal people with which Muhammed lived during his early years | Bedouin |
| Huge box that Muhammed circled seven times when he conquered Mecca; the place towards where Muslims pray and hope to make a pilgramage | Ka’ba |
| The one god that the Muslims believe in | Allah |
| The Holy book of the Muslims | Qur’an |
| The Islamic prophet; leads his followers from Mecca to Medina and fights the Meccans | Muhammad |
| The city in which the Kaaba is; where Muslims strive to make a pilgrimage to | Mecca |
| City that Muhammed and his followers fled to and gained a large following | Medina |
| Muhammed’s escape/trip away from Mecca, marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar | hegira/hijra |
| Book containing the words and actions of Muhammed in Medina; more detailed source of Islamic traditions and moral laws | Hadith |
| Capital of the dynasty established by the Summis | Damascus |
| Capital of the dynasty established by the Shiites | Baghdad |
| A type of prayer in which one bears witness and declares “there is no God but God and Muhammad is his prophet” | Shahadah |
| Prayer 5 times a day in a mosque facing Mecca | Salat |
| Payment of charity in the form of tithe/tax | Zakat |
| Fasting during the lunar month of Ramadan | Saum |
| If possible, at least one pilgrimage to the Kaaba in Mecca | Hajj |
| The Muslim community | Umma |
| The rulers after Mohammed | khalifa/caliph |
| Holy war/struggle | Jihad |
| The ruler/first caliph after Muhammed, extremely pious, suppresses rebellious tribes, “preserve” not “destroy” | Abu Bakr |
| Second caliph, captures the Holy land and offers protection to the Christians, conquers Egypt and advances to Persia but assassinated | Omar |
| The pact between the Muslims and the Jews; Jews could keep their religion but could not proselytize, and had to act as inferior to the Muslims | Pact of Umar |
| Those who believe in one god, such as Christians and Jews, who were offered protection by the Muslims | Dhimmis |
| Fourth caliph (most controversial), cousin and son in law of Muhammed, ruled during the Battle of the Camel/first islamic civil war | Ali |
| Assasinator of Ali, established new dynasty in Damascus | Muawiya |
| A descendent of Muhammed; recognized as leader by the Shi’ites but not by Sunnis | Imam |
| Those who believed that the most pious of Muhammed’s followers should be the next leader | Sunni |
| Those who believed that Muhammed’s bloodline should rule after him; located mostly in Iran and Iraq | Shi’ite |
| Dynasty established by the Sunnis, capital in Damascus | Umayyad Dynasty |
| Dynasty established by the Shiites, capital in Baghdad | Abbasid Dynasty |
| The room in which the wives would stay when the house had visitors; can also refer to the group of wives | Harem |
| The wall that would separate the male visitors and the female wives | Purdah |
| A practice of covering up to appear modest | Veiling |
| Head covering | Hijab |
| Total coverage | Burqa |
Created by:
sreheman2026
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