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DNA

science 2.3

TermDefinition
Deoxyribonucleic acid carrier of genetic information
Nucleotide what a molecule of DNA is made up of
Thymine Adenine
Cytosine Guanine
Double Helix the structure formed by double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids such as DNA
What nucleotides are made up of Phosphate, Sugar, Nitrogenous base
Codon bases that are arranged in triplets
Helicase separates the two strands
DNA Polymerase adds nucleotides to each strand . binds to the primer
Leading Strand 5' to 3' direction
Lagging Strand 3' to 5' direction
Primase an enzyme that adds an RNA primer on a specific location of the lagging strand
Okazaki fragments how polymerase adds nucleotides to lagging strands
Mutations a change in the DNA of a cell
Gene Mutation one gene is affected/ mutated
Point Mutation one nucleotide is substituted for another
Frameshift Mutation the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the sequence
Mutagen anything that causes mutation
Deletion involves the loss of a piece of chromosome or a break of the DNA molecule
Inversion when a part of the DNA segment within the chromosome change in direction
Chromosomal Mutation involves the entire chromosome affecting many genes
Translocation when a piece of one chromosome moves to a nonhomologous reciprocal chromosome
Duplication when gene sequences have been repeated several too many times
Chromosomes carry genes that transmit hereditary traits from parent to offspring
XX Female
XY Male
Aneuploidy the most common chromosome abnormality. extra or lacking chromosome
Created by: cyera
Popular Genetics sets

 

 



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