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Unit 3

Antebellum America

TermDefinition
James K. Polk Democratic President who believed in Manifest Destiny and oversaw the Mexican - American War to acquire territory from Mexico.
Manifest Destiny Ideology that American expansion West to the Pacific Ocean was ordained by God.
Texas Part of Mexico where Americans rebelled to gain their independence.
Oregon Treaty 1846 - Agreement between the U.S. and Great Britain to establish the border in the Pacific Northwest along the 49th Parallel.
Mexican Cession Territory ceded by Mexico to the U.S. at the end of the Mexican - American War in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
Alamo 1836 - Mexican troops led by President Santa Anna besieged and killed Americans defending this Spanish mission in Texas.
Compromise of 1850 Proposal to make California a Free State, allow popular sovereignty for the Utah and New Mexico Territories, and to pass a stronger Fugitive Slave law.
Fugitive Slave Act Part of the Compromise of 1850 which required citizens to assist slavecatchers in returning runaway slaves to the South.
Popular Sovereignty Allowing settlers to vote for whether slavery would be allowed or prohibited in a territory.
Kansas - Nebraska Act 1854 - Passed to overturn the Missouri Compromise and allow popular sovereignty to decide slavery in the Nebraska and Kansas Territories.
Dred Scott v. Sandford 1857 - Ruling by the Supreme Court that stated slaves were not citizens, had no legal rights, and Congress had no authority to ban slavery in a U.S. territory.
John Brown Abolitionist who was hanged after his raid on a federal arsenal to arm a slave revolt in Virginia.
Harpers Ferry Location of the 1859 raid by John Brown and his followers who captured a federal arsenal to arm a slave revolt in Virginia.
Republican Party Northern political group who organized to stop any further spread of slavery into western territories.
Abolitionists Northern group who argued that slavery must be immediately ended and all slaves should be freed.
William Lloyd Garrison Abolitionist who published the first anti-slavery newspaper called, "The Liberator."
Kansas Territory where a violent conflict between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers broke out over a vote on slavery.
South Region that maintained a rural society with an economy dominated by cotton and slave labor.
North Region whose society became more urban and diverse and developed an economy dominated by industry and free labor.
California Americans migrated to this territory in 1849 in a "gold rush" that led to it becoming a state in 1850.
Rio Grande The U.S. declared war on Mexico in 1846 after both sides clashed over disputed territory along this river.
Mexican - American War Conflict between 1846 - 1848 that was won by the U.S. and was ended by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
Frederick Douglass Abolitionist and former slave who gave antislavery speeches in the North and wrote an autobiography about his life as a slave.
Harriet Beecher Stowe Abolitionist who wrote the influential antislavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin in 1852.
Uncle Tom's Cabin Novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe that depicted the evils of slavery in the South from the perspective of slave characters.
Abraham Lincoln Republican (IL) who was elected president in the Election of 1860 without winning a single Slave State.
Sectionalism When a region and its interests is favored over what is best for the nation as a whole.
Harriet Tubman Runaway slave who returned South 13 times to help others escape slavery on the Underground Railroad.
Nat Turner Slave who was executed after he led a slave revolt that killed 60 Whites in Virginia.
Annexation The formal act of adding territory to a nation.
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Leader of Mexico during the Texas Revolution and Mexican - American War.
Underground Railroad Secret network of people and places that aided runaway slaves trying to escape North.
South Carolina The first Slave state that voted to secede from the Union after the Election of 1860.
Secession The Slave states of South Carolina, Mississippi, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas voted to formally withdraw from the Union.
49th Parallel Border between the U.S. and Canada in the Pacific Northwest that was agreed to in the Oregon Treaty.
Dred Scott Slave from Missouri who sued for his freedom after he traveled with his owner into the free territories of Illinois, Wisconsin, and Minnesota.
Slave Codes Laws made by Southern states to have more control over the enslaved population and to prevent insurrections.
Winfield Scott General who led U.S. troops to invade Mexico and capture Mexico City during the Mexican - American War.
San Jacinto 1836 - Battle where Santa Anna was captured and Texas won its independence.
Cotton The institution of slavery rapidly grew as production of this cash crop increased.
Cotton Gin Invention by Eli Whitney in 1793 that led to the rapid growth of slavery in the South.
Textile Mills The first factories in the North opened by Francis C. Lowell in Massachusetts.
German and Irish Groups who immigrated to the United States in the early 1800's.
Wilmot Proviso 1846 proposal to outlaw slavery in any territory gained from the War with Mexico.
Lawrence Anti - Slavery town in Kansas that was raided and sacked by pro - slavery settlers in 1856.
Charles Sumner MA Senator who was beaten with a cane on the floor of Congress in 1856 by SC Representative Preston Brooks after he claimed SC Senator Andrew Butler's "mistress" was slavery.
Created by: MhsUSHistory
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