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APUSH 1920-1941
Period 7 Part 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Normalcy | Warren Harding called for a return to normalcy (carefree spirits and fun rather than reform) in his 1920 election campaign |
| Consumerism | concentration on producing and distributing goods for a marker which must constantly be enlarged |
| Henry Ford | father of modern assembly lines, pioneer in manufacturing of affordable automobiles with the Model T |
| Al Capone | an American gangster during the Roaring Twenties and the prohibition era; known for smuggling and bootlegging liquor and the bribery of government figures and prostitution; he used some of his money to make donation to various charitable endeavors |
| Marcus Garvey | Harlem political leader; helped poor African Americans the 1920s; urged black economic cooperation and helped African Americans start businesses; Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa |
| Dawes Act | a plan to revive the German economy; the US loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the US |
| Palmer Raids | series of government actions against suspected radicals, anarchists, communists in 1919 Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer; ignored the constitutional safeguards guaranteed citizens by the Constitution; jailed many people innocent of any crime or intent |
| Emergency Quota Act | passed by Congress in 1921; newcomers from Europe were restricted at any year to a quota which was set at 3% of the people of their nationality who lived in the US in 1910 |
| John Scopes | an American legal case in July 1925 in which a substitute high school teacher was accused of violating Tenneessee’s Butler Act which had made is unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school |
| Margaret Sanger | an American leader of the movement to legalize birth control during the early 1900’s |
| Flappers | carefree young women with short/bobbed hair, heavy makeup, and short skirts, and symbolized the new liberated woman of the 1920s which was seen as shocking behavior and a sign of changing morals |
| Bonus Army | a group of almost 20,000 WWI veterans who were hard-hit victims of the depression who wanted what the government owed them for their services and saving democracy; they marches to Washington and set up public camps and erected shacks on vacant lots |
| Reconstruction Finance Corporation | a government lending agency established under Hoover in order to assist insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, railroads, and local governments; companies were afraid to spend the money given to them |
| Supply Side/Trickle Down Economics | the economic theory of “Reaganomics” that emphasized cutting taxes and government spending in order to stimulate investment, productivity, and economic growth by private enterprise |
| Hoovervilles | shanty towns that the unemployed built in the cities during the early years of the Depression; the names given to them shows that the people blamed Hoover directly for the Depression |
| Fireside Chats | the informal radio talked President Franklin Roosevelt had with Americans during the Great Depression; they not only unifies American with these nationwide speeches but the rose American spirits by encouraging Americans through the Great Depression |
| Security Exchange Commission (SEC) | from the New Deal agency that was established to provide a public watchdog against deception and fraud in stock trading |
| Social Security | guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health |
| Supreme Court Packing | reform the Supreme Court by appointing and additional justice for every justice over age of 70; following the Court’s actions in striking down major New Deal laws, FDR came to believe that some justices were out of touch with the nation’s needs |
| Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) | US government corporation created by the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933; it provides deposit insurance, which guarantees the safety of deposits in member banks; managed currency |
| Dust Bowl | a drought grinning in 1930 that caused an area from Texas to the Dakotas to be known as the Dust Bowl; rainfall decreased, heat increased, farming regions were turned into deserts |
| Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | a New Deal agency created to generate electric power and control floods in a seven state region around the Tennessee River Valley; it created many dams that provided electricity as well as jobs |
| Keynesian Economics | theory that argues that the federal government should use monetary and fiscal policy to accumulate surpluses in prosperous times and engage in deficit spending during recessions in order to stimulate the economy |
| Wagner Act | a piece of legislation that established the National Labor Relations Board that secured workers rights to collectively bargain, organize, and strike |
| Fair Labor Standards Act | a government legislation that dealt with wages and child labor, it established a minimum wage and prohibited child labor in hard and dangerous conditions |
| Neutrality Acts | passed throughout the 1930s to limit US involvement in future wars, they were based on the widespread disillusionment with WWI in the early 1930s and the belief that the United States had been drawn into the war through loans and trade with the Allies |
| Johnson Debt Default | outlawed private loans to governments which had defaulted on their debts to the US in response to the many allied countries in Europe which had defaulted on their loans |
| Destroyer Deal | an agreement between the US and the UK on September 2nd, 1940; this deal transferred fifty mothballed destroyers from the United States Navy in exchange for land rights on British possessions |
| Cash and Carry Policy | stated that if a country at war wanted to purchase non-militaristic goods from the US, it had to pick them up in its own ships and pay for them in cash; 1937 |
| Lend Lease Act | stated that the US government could lend or lease war supplies to any nation deemed vital to the defense of the US; under this policy, the US was able to supply military aid to its foreign allies during WWII while still remaining officially neutral |
| Pearl Harbor | naval base in Hawaii attacked by Japanese aircraft on December 7, 1941; the sinking of much of the US Pacific fleet brought the US into WWII |
Created by:
rcooke
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