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CHA Cardiovascular

NCFE Health and Fitness

TermDefinition
The heart is a double muscular pump
The Hearts function therefore is to deliver deoxygenated blood to the lungs to get rid of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and to collect Oxygen (O2)​
The bloods function is protection (white blood cells and platelets), delivery of oxygen and nutrients and removal of carbon dioxide and waste
The blood vessels function is to form a network around the body so blood can be delivered to where it is needed
Blood vessels are also involved with temperature regulation and gaseous exchange.
Red Blood Cells Transport oxygen around the body​
White Blood Cells Fight disease [protection]​ ​
Platelets Clot the blood [protection] to prevent blood loss during injury
Plasma Fluid part of the blood, mostly water, transports cells, nutrients, gases and wastes
There are 3 main types of blood vessels Arteries ​ Veins ​ Capillaries
Arteries​ Function: Carry blood away from the heart​
Arteries Structure Thick muscular walls – to withstand blood flowing at high pressure. ​ Small lumen ​ Carry bright red oxygenated blood (but not all)
Veins Function: Carry blood towards the heart​
Veins Structure:​ Thin walls​ Large lumen ​ Contain valves to ensure blood flows in one direction​ Carry dark red deoxygenated blood (but not all) ​
Capillaries Function: thin blood vessels that allow gas exchange to happen​
Capillaries Structure:​ Very thin walls (1 cell thick)​ Very small lumen​ Huge network of tiny vessels linking arteries and veins​
Vasoconstriction: Reducing the diameter of small arteries to reduce blood flow to tissues ​ Helps keep you warm
Vasodilation Increasing the diameter of small arteries to reduce blood flow to tissues ​ Occurs during exercise to allow more blood to flow to the exercising muscles. ​ Helps cool you down
Vascular Shunt: Mechanism that directs blood to where there is greater demand ​ Blood moves to the working muscles during exercise and away from other body parts where demand for blood is not as great e.g. kidneys and stomach.
The heart is located in the thorax and is protected by the rib cage​​
The aorta is the largest artery in the body
The aorta carries oxygenated blood away from the left ventricle to the body
The vena cava is the largest vein in the body
The vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart
Heart Rate (HR) is the number of times the heart beats per minute​
Most common places to find your ​pulse are the wrist (radial pulse) or the neck (Carotid pulse)
MHR The maximum number of beats made by your heart in one minute of effort​
MHR Equation 220 - AGE
Stroke Volume Stroke Volume (SV) is the amount of blood that is pumped out of the heart per beat​
Cardiac Output  Cardiac Output (Q) is the amount of blood that is pumped out of the heart per minute ​
Blood pressure is the pressure blood exerts on the walls of the blood vessels​
Created by: MissGriffithsPE
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