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SS.7.C.1.1-1.5
Origins & Purposes Of Law & Government Study Guide Part 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Enlightenment | A period in European history when many educated people stressed the importance of learning and reasoning; education was considered the key to understanding and solving society's problems |
| John Locke | English thinker who argued that people have natural rights |
| Baron de Montesquieu | believed government should have separation of powers |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | wrote The Social Contract; thought people had the right to decide how they should be governed |
| natural rights | The belief that individuals are born with basic rights that cannot be taken away by governments |
| social contract | An implied agreement among the people of an organized society that defines the rights, duties, and limitations of the governed and the government |
| separation of powers | The structure of the federal government that sets up three branches with their own distinct powers and responsibilities |
| Magna Carta | a document that established the principle of limited monarchy and protected the rights of the nobility |
| Mayflower Compact | an agreement between individuals that created a government that would provide order and protect the rights of the colonists; established the principle of self government |
| Common Sense | a pamphlet published by Thomas Paine in 1776 to convince the American colonists to support becoming independent from England |
| English Bill of Rights | a document that expanded the powers of the English Parliament and expanded the rights of the people |
| taxation without representation | the idea that it is unfair to tax someone without giving them a voice in government |
| Thomas Jefferson | writer of the Declaration of Independence |
| Sugar act | taxes on molasses and sugar imported by the colonies |
| Tea Act | tax on tea |
| Stamp Act | tax on printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc. |
| Quartering Act | an act that colonists pay for soldiers food and housing and could be stationed in colonists homes |
| Declaration of Independence | a document signed in 1776 by colonists that declared the United States as free and independent |
| Articles of Confederation | the first constitution after declaring independence from Great Britain |
| The federal government (congress) does not have the power to __________ to raise money but the states. | tax |
| States were able to ______ money (create a currency), thus feeling their money is more valuable than others and therefore won't trade. | coin |
| Under the Articles, there is no ____________ to enforce laws. | president |
| The federal government doesn't have the power to tax the states so they have no money to raise a ____________ for national defense. | military |
| There was no __________ court system so the central government had no way to settle disputes among the states. | national |
| ___ of 13 states were needed to pass a law under the Articles of Confederation. | 9 |
| ____ of the 13 states had to agree to amend or make a change to the Articles of Confederation. | 13 |
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