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Age of Exploration
study guide for 8th grade american history
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Prince Henry the Navigator | school of navigation (PORTUGAL) sponsored expeditions in search of an all water route to Asia (AROUND AFRICA) |
Bartolomeu Dias | PORTUGUESE explorer who reached Cape of Good Hope (tip of Africa) |
Vasco de Gama | PORTUGUESE explorer who was first to sail around Africa to India |
Ferdinand Magellan | PORTUGUESE explorer who was first to sail around the WORLD |
Circumnavigate | sail around the world |
Causes of Exploration | THREE Gs - Gold, Glory, and God |
Conquistador | Spanish conqueror of the Americas |
Hernando Cortes | conquistador who DEFEATED AZTECS and CONQUERED MEXICO |
Francisco Pizarro | conquistador who CONQUERED the INCAS of Peru |
Columbian Exchange | exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the NEW and OLD WORLDS |
Mercantilism | economic system goal was to balance trade and enrich European nations |
Caravel | small, highly maneuverable, three-mast ship used by PORTUGUESE and SPANISH during exploration of the Atlantic |
Missionary | person sent on a RELIGIOUS mission |
Renaissance Influence on Exploration | - new spirit of curiosity and discovery - Kings and Queens had more power and money - new technologies allowed sailors to go further and return home - printing press allowed info to be spread more easily |
Conquistadors Easily Conquered Native Tribes Because of... | superior weapons and diseases |
Treaty of Tordesillas (2nd line of demarcation) - 1494 | line drawn by the Pope which states that divides the newly-discovered lands between Spain and Portugal *800 MILES WEST OF OG LINE* the line was through the Atlantic ocean, and the west side was for Spain while the east belonged to Portugal |
Amerigo Vespucci | mapmaker and explorer who discovered that America was a new continent, which was then named after him |
POSITIVE Effect of the Columbian Exchange | introduction of new foods to Europe, which led to a population increase |
First European Nation to Trade Slaves (Africans) | Portugal |
Significance of the Technological Advancements (1500s) | created the possibility for Europe to sail ANYWHERE |
Effects of Columbus and Others Arriving in the New World | natives were enslaved, intentionally killed, or accidentally killed for European gain |
Major NEGATIVE Effect of Columbian Exchange | spread of diseases which killed millions of natives |
FIVE European Nations Competing | Spain, England, Portugal, France, and The Netherlands |
Northwest Passage | waterway through OR around America to GET TO ASIA |
1st Line of Demarcation - 1493 | line drawn by the Pope which states that divides the newly-discovered lands between Spain and Portugal the line was through the Atlantic ocean, and the west side was for Spain while the east belonged to Portugal |
The Competition Expands With... | French, English, and Dutch, who don't want to be left out of exploration and riches - join in IGNORING the treaty of tordesillas |
France - Samuel de Champlain | founded New France (Quebec, Canada and along Mississippi), traded furs with natives, friendlier with natives than others |
England - John Cabot | claims Newfoundland |
First English Settlement | Sir Walter Raleigh - Roanoke, Virginia |
First SUCCESSFUL English Colony | Jamestown |
England - Henry Hudson | claimed Hudson Bay area in Canada |
The Netherlands - William Usselinx | founded colony of New Netherland (later to become New York) |
The Netherlands - Henry Hudson | founded colony of New Amsterdam (later to become Manhattan) |