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History 7 Test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Progressive Era | A period of widespread social activism and political reform across the United States focused on defeating corruption, monopoly, waste and inefficiency. |
| Muckrakers | Provided detailed, accurate journalistic accounts of the political and economic corruption and social hardships caused by the power of big business in a rapidly industrializing United States. |
| Primaries Initiative, Recalls | Started by Nevada, moved away from party bosses choosing candidates and allowed the people to choose, recalls gave people the opportunity to remove elected officials before their term is over |
| 17th Amendment | Allows the U.S people to choose their senators directly |
| 19th Amendment | Gave women the right to vote |
| Lochner v. NY | Supreme court ruled that New York could not set maximum hours for workers |
| Muller v. Oregon | Oregon passes regulatory laws, women mandated to work less laws than men, Oregon hires Louis Brandeis to defend the state, Supreme Court sided with Oregon (9-0), allowed for the state to impede on hours, went back on Lochner vs. N.Y |
| Theodore Roosevelt | McKinley is shot and killed, VP Roosevelt takes office at 42, youngest president ever, converted the presidency from enforcing the law to giving direction and instruction to delegates, sees federal government's power as a mediator |
| Coal Strike of 1902 | Country hit with a coal strike, mine owners close the mines rather than trying to stop the strike, want to get the public mad at the miners, miners got a 10% raise and an hour off their work week but did got get their union approved |
| Trust Busting | February 1902, Attorney General brings suit against northern security company, Roosevelt helps court decide, Supreme Court sides with U.S, blocked another major corporate monopoly, congress creates bureau of commerce to help control corporate monopolies |
| Northern Securities . U.S. | Violated the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, Roosevelt allowed to speak his mind on case because it would not effect him either way, in 5-4 decision, Northern Securities lost the case |
| Elkins Act | Got rid of rebates |
| Hepburn Act | Passed with a vote of 71-3 in the senate, first federal rate regulation in history, interstate commerce commission first big move |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | Led to the creation of Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Federal government has the right to regulate interstate commerce, they can regulate how food and drugs travel across state lines |
| Money Panic of 1907 | A financial crisis set off by a series of bad banking decisions and a frenzy of withdrawals caused by public distrust of the banking system |
| Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy | Pinchot claimed Ballinger was corrupted by coal interests in Alaska, he charged Ballinger betrayed the legacy of Roosevelt by declaring illegal Pinchot's handover of private lands to the public sector, Taft sided with Ballinger and Pinchot lost his job |
| 16th Amendment | Gave the federal government the power to collect income tax |
| Mann-Elkins Act | Invoked the Commerce Clause to felonize the use of interstate or foreign commerce to transport women for immoral purposes. the act was aimed at prostitution, immorality, and human trafficking. |
| Election of 1912 | Wilson handily defeated Taft and Roosevelt winning 435 of the 531 available electoral votes. Wilson also won 42% of the popular vote |
| New Nationalism | New Nationalism represented collectivism, Roosevelt |
| New Freedom | New Freedom stood for political and economic liberty from such things as trusts, Wilson |
| Woodrow Wilson | Democrats are minority party, despite that Wilson wins the electoral college and becomes President, did not like the house of representatives, campaigned on new freedom |
| Tariff Reform/Income Tax | Lower tariffs, dropped tax rates on imported goods and income tax, only 1 out of 270 Americans had to pay an income tax |
| Federal Reserve Act | Created a pyramid structure of banks, authorized to issue money |
| Clayton Anti trust Act | Made corporate officers liable for the actions of their companies, exempted labor/farm labor unions to prosecution |
| Federal Trade commission Act | Watched over and advised business to avoid companies violating Antitrust, a partnership |
| Adamson Act | Imposed an 8 hour work day for workers who worked for interstate commerce (cross state lines) |
| Election of 1916 | Wilson was the first Democratic president to win a second consecutive term since Andrew Jackson in 1832, narrowly defeated republican candidate Charles Hughes |
| Industrial Workers of the World | The only American union to welcome all workers, including women, immigrants, African Americans and Asians, into the same organization, wobblies |
| World War 1/Origins of U.S. Action | Germany was using submarine warfare, U.S declared war on Germany in 1917 |
| War Industries Board | coordinate and channel production in the United States by setting priorities, fixing prices, and standardizing products to support the war efforts of the United States and its allies |
| Sedition/Sabotage Act | Congress passed the Sedition Act of 1918, which made it a federal offense to use "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the Constitution, the government, the American uniform, or the flag |
| Fourteen Points | A proposal made by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson in a speech before Congress on January 8, 1918, outlining his vision for ending World War I in a way that would prevent such a conflagration from occurring again |
| Versailles Treaty | Ended the state of war between Germany and other countries, had Germany blamed for the whole war, failed because was filled with punishment and unrealistic expectations of reparations payments and demilitarization imposed on Germany for its wrongdoing |
| League of Nations | An international organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes, U.S did not join |
| Sacco-Vanezetti trial | Italian immigrants, known anarchists, robbery, said they did not do it, tried based on their race and culture, not the crime, convicted, executed after 6 appeal cases, highly controversial |
| KKK | Revived in 1915, not just hating black Americans, hating jewish/catholics, immigrants, etc, Between 4 and 6 million members of the group, not just in the south, a national movement, group gets to big, scandals start |
| National Origins Act | To further codify discrimination of immigration, lowered the number of immigrants allowed in to 2% and used the 1890 census, 34 years before |
| Tea Pot Dome Scandal | the secretary of the Interior, without competitive bidding, had leased the U.S. naval petroleum reserve at Wyoming's Teapot Dome to a private oil company, bribery scandal under the Harding administration |
| 18th Amendment | Prohibition, ratified in 1920, banned manufacturing, sale, and transportation of intoxicating liquor in the U.S, stays an amendment until 1934, only states didn’t ratify amendment was CT/RD, fostered organized crime, made it a race to break the law |
| McNary-Haugan Act | Allowed government to regulate agriculture prices, Coolidge believed it was an unnatural intervention of government Taxing the products higher, they are losing money |
| Stock Market Crash of 1929 | It started in September and ended late in October, when share prices on the New York Stock Exchange collapsed, millions of people invested their savings or borrowed money to buy stocks, pushing prices to unsustainable levels |
| Great Depression | a severe worldwide economic depression between 1929 and 1939 that began after a major fall in stock prices in the United States, worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world |
| Reconstruction Finance Corp | government-sponsored financial institution whose purpose was to lend directly to banks and other financial institutions, kept some banks up and running through the worst years of the depression |
| New Deal -100 Day's (1st) | FDR, Comes close to socialism, relief (for farmers), recovery (the economy), and reform (protective machinery to stop the crash from happening again, wanted to appeal 18th amendment |
| Bank Bill | Expanded the president's regulatory authority over the nation's banking system, granted the comptroller of the currency the power to restrict the operations of banks with impaired assets |
| C.C.C | Civilian Conservation Corps: Emphasized for men to work to provide for their families, built trails and bridges in nature, 2 million men signed up |
| A.A.A | Agricultural Adjustment Administration: offered farmers subsidies in exchange for limiting their production of certain crops. The subsidies were meant to limit overproduction so that crop prices could increase |
| T.V.A | Tennessee Valley Authority: providing jobs and electricity to the rural Tennessee River Valley, an area that spans seven states in the South |
| S.E.C | Securities and Exchange Commission: designed to restore investor confidence in our capital markets by providing investors and the markets with more reliable information and clear rules of honest dealing |
| N.I.R.A (7a) | National Industrial Recovery Act: intended to spread available work among a larger number of workers by limiting hours and launching a public works program and increasing individuals' purchasing power by establishing minimum wage rates |
| P.W.A | Public Works Administration: a large-scale public works construction agency in the United States headed by Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes |
| National Labor Relations Act | A federal law that grants employees the right to form or join unions; engage in protected, concerted activities to address or improve working conditions; or refrain from engaging in these activities |
| W.P.A. | Works Progress Administration: to boost employment and the purchasing power of cash-strapped Americans, 10 million jobless men in the United States in 1935, 3 million were helped by WPA jobs alone. |
| Social Security Act | FDR signs the Social Security Act in 1935, public assistance programs to provide for citizens, unemployment compensation, set up to compensate elderly citizens so they do not have to work (only federal area) |
| Fair Labor Standard Act | Established a national minimum wage, in 1938 was $0.25, normalized the 8 hour work day and 40 hour work week, limited child labor significantly |
| Marcus Garvey | Originally from Jamaica, migrated to Harlem N.Y, founded the U.N.I.A in 1915, believed in self separation, had newspapers, grocery stores, things for black citizens only, wanted Black Americans to go back to Africa |
| Synder Act | Passed in 1924, stated all Native Americans were U.S citizens, hoping the would assimilate faster |
| Indian Reorganization Act | 1934, threw out Dawes Act, tribal self government encouraged, government financial credit given to tribes, government spent money on lands, education, and medical facilities, freedom of religion finally granted, wanted them to assimilate at their own pace |
| Roosevelt Corollary | States that any chronic wrong doing by a Republican will cause the U.S to have to use its police power in order to calm things down (1904, check later) |
| Panama Canal | One of the wonders of the modern world, the Panama Canal opened for business 100 years ago, linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and providing a new route for international trade and military transport |
| Dollar Diplomacy | Diplomacy used by a country to promote its financial or commercial interests abroad |
| Mexican Revolution | Ended dictatorship in Mexico and established a constitutional republic |
Created by:
TaylorRosas
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