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Constituton Review
Review for U.S. Constitution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| • No central leader • Citizens could not be taxed • States could not be taxed • No way to raise an army | Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation |
| • Protect from a strong central government • Protect states rights • Protect citizens rights | Purpose served by the Articles of Confederation |
| This showed the new nation that the government was not strong enough to handle tough situations | Shay's Rebellion |
| Coming up with a plan that was fair to both large and small states | One of the biggest problems facing the members of the Constitutional Convention |
| Who was chosen as the President of the Constitutional Convention? | George Washington |
| Why did the members of the Constitutional Convention vote to keep all happenings secret? | So they could talk freely and so incorrect information would not be spread throughout the U.S. |
| What type of government does the United States have? | Republic |
| Who is known as the Father of the U.S. Constitution? Why? | James Madison because he had read several crates of books about government from Thomas Jefferson, his mentor |
| Three notable anti-federalists that did not attend the Constitutional Convention | John Hancock Samual Adams Patrick Henry |
| Three notable Federalists. | James Madison Alexander Hamilton John Jay |
| People who were against the U.S. Constitution. | Anti-federalists |
| • Called for 3 branches of government • The two houses of congress would be based on population. | Virginia Plan |
| These states supported the Virginia Plan. | Large States |
| These states supported the New Jersey Plan. | Small States |
| This plan called for all houses to have equal amount of representation | New Jersey plan |
| Allowed for two houses of congress, one (lower house) based on population, The other (upper house) senate based having equal numbers | The Great Compromise (U.S. Constitution) |
| This stated that every three slaves would count toward population and taxes | 3/5 Compromise |
| Supporters of the U.S. Constitution were known as this. | Federalists |
| Main job of the Legislative Branch | Make laws |
| Main job of the Executive Branch | Enforce or Carry out laws. |
| Main job of the Judicial Branch | Interpret laws |
| The House and Senate combined is referred to as this. | Congress |
| Who has the power to declare war? | Congress |
| Appoint Judges Make treaties Commander-in-Chief | President |
| Process of declaring laws constitutional or unconstitutional | Judicial Review |
| Explain the purpose of Checks and Balances | It limits the power each branch has over the other two branches. |
| Two checks that the Executive Branch has over the Legislative Branch | • Veto laws • Call special session of congress |
| Two checks that the Executive Branch has over the Judicial Branch | • Appoints judges • Grants pardons |
| Five Checks that the Legislative Branch has over the Executive Branch | • Overrides vetos with 2/3 vote of congress • Senate confirms (approves) Presidential appointments (judges, cabinet members) • Declare war • Can impeach * Senate must approve treaties that the President makes before they become official. |
| A check that the Judicial Branch has over both the Executive and Legislative Branch | • Can declare laws unconstitutional |
| Two checks that the Legislative Branch has over the Judicial Branch | • Can impeach judges • Approves judicial appointments |
| The First Ten Amendments to the U.S. Constitution | Bill of Rights |
| Sharing power between the federal and state governments | Federalism |
| The Federalism Amendment | The 10th Amendment |
| Why was Federalism included in the Constitution? | To protect states rights and peoples rights |
| Powers that both the State and Federal Government have are called | Concurrent Powers Shared powers |
| Powers that belong only to the Federal government under federalism are called: | Delegated powers |
| Powers that belong only to the State government under federalism are called: | Reserved Powers |
| Why is the U.S. Constitution considered a flexible or living document? | Because it can be changed and has been changed 27 times in its history. |
| The Constitution is changed through the process known as | Amendments |
| What would be required to change the U.S. from a republic to a true democracy? | Every citizen would have to vote on any law or action that needed to take place. |
| Testifying against yourself | Self-incrimination |
| 13th Amendment did this | Ended slavery |
| 14th Amendment did this | Made former slaves citizens of the U.S. |
| 15th Amendment did this | Allowed African American Males the right to vote |
| Two other names that the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments are sometimes called | Civil war or reconstruction amendments |
| What is the name given to the 18th Amendment? What did the 18th Amendment of the Constitution do? | Prohibition Outlawed the sale of alcoholic beverages in the U.S. |
| What is different about the 18th amendment from all other amendments? | The 18th amendment is the only amendment to ever be repealed (overturned). |
| What did the 19th Amendment do? | Women’s suffrage Allowed women to vote |
| What did the 21st Amendment do? | Repealed the 18th amendment |
| Who gained the right to vote with the 26th Amendment? | Any citizen 18 year old or older. |
| What event helped cause the passage of the 26th amendment? | Vietnam War |
| What amendment lowered the voting age to 18 years old? | 26th Amendment |
| What principle of the Constitution says that the power of government comes from the people? | Popular Sovereignty |
| If the President came to Kentucky to campaign for a candidate of his political party, which "hat" or role would he be playing? | Chief or head of Party |
| How a bill becomes a law. | Idea, sponsor, intoduction, committee, vote, other house introduction, committee, vote, President sign or veto |
| Four choices that the President has when a bill is sent to him for a decision. | Sign, veto, pocket veto, do nothing |
| What does it take for Congress to override a veto from the President on a Bill? | 2/3 vot of each house of congress. |
| How long does a justice of the Supreme Court serve? | Life, retire or impeachment for misconduct |
| Why do we not elect justices of the Supreme Court? | Because they interpret the Constitution and we don’t want there views based of popular opinion, but on what the Constitution says |
| What is a duty (of citizenship)? | Those things we are required by law to do or there is a punishment. |
| Five duties of a U.S. Citizen. | Obey laws Pay taxes Defend the nation Serve in court Attend school |
| What is a responsibility (of citizenship)? | Things you should do as a responsible citizen but are not required by law to do. |
| Five Responsibilities of a U.S. Citizen. | Be informed Vote Participate in government Respect rights of others Respect diversity Be informed Vote Participate in government Respect rights of others Respect diversity |
| What would best explain why the President of the U.S. signed a treaty with a foreign country, but the treaty never went into effect? | The Senate refused to approve the treaty. |
| Under the tenth amendment how may the federal government interfere in state government business? | They regulate trade between states. |
| What law can override the authority of the U.S. Constitution? | None - The U.S. Constitution is the Supreme law of the land. |
| Having your rights (Miranda rights) read to you if you are being placed under arrest is part of what? | Due Process |
| When the Supreme Court declares a law or court case Constitutional or Unconstitutional this process is called what? | Judicial Review |
| If a state has 40 electoral votes, how many representatives would it have in the U.S. House of Representatives? | 38 (Remember to subtract two if you know the electoral votes and add two if you know the number of representatives) |
| What is double jeopardy? | Being tried twice for the same crime. We are protected against this with the 5th amendment. |
| Which amendment ended slavery in the U.S.? | 13th |
| Which type of government limits the power of elected officials? | Republic |
| What has allowed the Constitution to survive for over 200 year? | Because if combines a strong framework for the government with flexibility to change when needed. |
| What is required to amend the U.S. Constitution? | Combination of Congress and state legislatures. |
| The Senate approval of a presidential appointment would be an example of | Checks and Balances. |
| Senate approval or ratification of treaties would be an example of | Checks and Balances |
| When the judicial branch declares a law unconstitutional this power of checks and balances is called | Judicial Review |
| Which is has the higher authority? Kentucky Law National Law Constitutional Amendment | Constitutional Amendment |
| Sharing power between the state and federal government is characteristic of: | Federalism |
| What do the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th amendments have in common? | They all specify our rights in the U.S. legal system. |
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