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Period 3 Bio Cells
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cells | The basic units of all life forms and the collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings. |
| Cell theory | * All living things are composed of cells * Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things * EXCEPTIONS: Chloroplasts & Mitochondria (own DNA), and Viruses (not made up of cells, use host cells to reproduce) |
| All living things... | Grow, reproduce, are made up of cells, change over time, and use energy. |
| Cell structure: Cell Wall - Plant Cells | A strong layer around the cell membrane. Made of cellulose. |
| Cell structure: Cell Membrane - Animal & Bacterial Cells | A thin, flexible barrier (protection) around the cell. Phospholipid bilayer that is selectively permeable; transport proteins allow large molecules to pass through. Determines what passes through based on size, polarity, and charge. |
| Cell structure: Nucleus | A large structure that contains the cell's genetic material and controls the cell's activity. DNA Replication and transcription of DNA and RNA occurs in the nucleus. |
| Cell structure: Cytoplasm | The material/liquid that fills the inside of the cell. Its function is chemical reactions. |
| EUKARYOTE | *Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists * Contains organelles * Ribosomes - Protein Synthesis * DNA is a circular chromosome |
| PROKARYOTE | * Bacteria, Archeae * Contains NO organelles |
| Organelles | Cell Wall & Membrane, Nucleus, Nucleolus, Nuclear Membrane, Ribosome, Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Vesicles, Lysosome, Mitochondria, Centriole, Cytoskeleton (Microtubules & Microfilaments), Central Vacuole |
| Nucleolus | Site of ribosome production |
| Nuclear Membrane | Protects the nucleus and controls movement into the nucleus |
| Ribosome | Site of Protein Synthesis |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | Interconnected tubules with no ribosomes, site of phospholipid and steroid assembly (lipid production). Works with the liver to detoxify the body from wastes. |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | Has ribosomes on the surface, making it rough. Protein chains are modified in the rough ER. |
| Golgi Apparatus | Packages proteins and lipids for transport. |
| Vesicles | Transport structures that move materials to and from the golgi. |
| Lysosome | Breaks down old organelles for recycling. |
| Mitochondria | The site of aerobic cellular respiration (with oxygen). |
| Centriole | Structure found in animal cells used to organize microtubules during cell division. A sphere filled with liquid and molecules inside a cell. |
| Cytoskeleton | Provides support, and transport tracks within the cell. |
| Microtubules (part of cytoskeleton) | Made up of tubulin, largest cytoskeltal elements. |
| Microfilaments (part of cytoskeleton) | Made of actin. |
| Central Vacuole | Contains fluids and minerals for the cell, provides support to the cell. |
| ANIMAL CELL | Cell Membrane, Centriole, Cytoplasm, Cytoskeleton, Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth & Rough), Golgi Apparatus, Lysosome, Mitochondrion, Nuclear Membrane, Nucleolus, Nucleus, Ribosome, Vacuole, Vesicle |
| PLANT CELL | Cell Wall, Cell Membrane, Chloroplast, Cytoplasm, Cytoskeleton, Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth & Rough), Golgi Apparatus, Mitochondrion, Nuclear Membrane, Nucleolus, Nucleus, Plastid, Ribosome, Vacuole, Vesicle |
| BACTERIAL CELL | Capsule, Cell Wall, Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Cytoskeleton, Flagellum, Nucleoid, Pilus, Plasmid, Ribosome |
Created by:
kate32
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