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Period 3 Bio Cells

TermDefinition
Cells The basic units of all life forms and the collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings.
Cell theory * All living things are composed of cells * Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things * EXCEPTIONS: Chloroplasts & Mitochondria (own DNA), and Viruses (not made up of cells, use host cells to reproduce)
All living things... Grow, reproduce, are made up of cells, change over time, and use energy.
Cell structure: Cell Wall - Plant Cells A strong layer around the cell membrane. Made of cellulose.
Cell structure: Cell Membrane - Animal & Bacterial Cells A thin, flexible barrier (protection) around the cell. Phospholipid bilayer that is selectively permeable; transport proteins allow large molecules to pass through. Determines what passes through based on size, polarity, and charge.
Cell structure: Nucleus A large structure that contains the cell's genetic material and controls the cell's activity. DNA Replication and transcription of DNA and RNA occurs in the nucleus.
Cell structure: Cytoplasm The material/liquid that fills the inside of the cell. Its function is chemical reactions.
EUKARYOTE *Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists * Contains organelles * Ribosomes - Protein Synthesis * DNA is a circular chromosome
PROKARYOTE * Bacteria, Archeae * Contains NO organelles
Organelles Cell Wall & Membrane, Nucleus, Nucleolus, Nuclear Membrane, Ribosome, Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Vesicles, Lysosome, Mitochondria, Centriole, Cytoskeleton (Microtubules & Microfilaments), Central Vacuole
Nucleolus Site of ribosome production
Nuclear Membrane Protects the nucleus and controls movement into the nucleus
Ribosome Site of Protein Synthesis
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Interconnected tubules with no ribosomes, site of phospholipid and steroid assembly (lipid production). Works with the liver to detoxify the body from wastes.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Has ribosomes on the surface, making it rough. Protein chains are modified in the rough ER.
Golgi Apparatus Packages proteins and lipids for transport.
Vesicles Transport structures that move materials to and from the golgi.
Lysosome Breaks down old organelles for recycling.
Mitochondria The site of aerobic cellular respiration (with oxygen).
Centriole Structure found in animal cells used to organize microtubules during cell division. A sphere filled with liquid and molecules inside a cell.
Cytoskeleton Provides support, and transport tracks within the cell.
Microtubules (part of cytoskeleton) Made up of tubulin, largest cytoskeltal elements.
Microfilaments (part of cytoskeleton) Made of actin.
Central Vacuole Contains fluids and minerals for the cell, provides support to the cell.
ANIMAL CELL Cell Membrane, Centriole, Cytoplasm, Cytoskeleton, Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth & Rough), Golgi Apparatus, Lysosome, Mitochondrion, Nuclear Membrane, Nucleolus, Nucleus, Ribosome, Vacuole, Vesicle
PLANT CELL Cell Wall, Cell Membrane, Chloroplast, Cytoplasm, Cytoskeleton, Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth & Rough), Golgi Apparatus, Mitochondrion, Nuclear Membrane, Nucleolus, Nucleus, Plastid, Ribosome, Vacuole, Vesicle
BACTERIAL CELL Capsule, Cell Wall, Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Cytoskeleton, Flagellum, Nucleoid, Pilus, Plasmid, Ribosome
Created by: kate32
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