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WW1 - U.S. History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Militarism? | glorification of armed strength and the belief that the best way to solve a dispute is through armed conflict; exaltation of military virtues and ideas |
| What is Imperialism? | The domination of a powerful nation over the political, economic, & cultural affairs of another nation or region |
| What is Nationalism? | love, pride, loyalty to one’s nation more than one’s native region |
| What was the Triple Alliance? | mutual defensive alliance among Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary prior to the outbreak of Word War I |
| What is Entente? | a friendly understanding or agreement between nations |
| What is the Triple Entente? | mutual defensive agreement among France, Great Britain, and Russia prior to the outbreak of Word War I |
| Who was the Archduke Franz Ferdinand? | heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne; assassinated in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip |
| Who was Garvilo Princip? | an ultra-nationalist and terrorist from Serbia who assassinated Franz Ferdinand |
| Who was Kaiser Wilhelm (William) ll? | emperor of Germany during World War I |
| What is an Ultimatum? | a demand that puts forth the final terms offered for the settlement of a dispute |
| What is to Mobilize? | to organize a nation’s resources for war; to move troops and equipment for combat |
| What is Total War? | an armed conflict characterized by the mobilization of all a nation’s resources, industry, and population |
| What were the Central Powers? | an alliance of countries in Central Europe (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria) united during World War I to fight against the Allied Powers |
| What were the Allied Powers? | an alliance of many countries united during World War I to fight against the Central Powers |
| What was a U-Boat? | short for the German Unterseeboot, meaning “undersea boat”; a submarine |
| What was the War of Attrition? | a slow wearing down process in which opposing sides try to outlast each other; usually occurs if there is a stalemate or deadlock in warfare |
| What was restricted Submarine Warfare? | naval combat in which submarines only target enemy military vessels |
| What is Belligerent? | a nation at war |
| What is Contraband? | war material supplied by a neutral nation to a belligerent nation |
| What was Unrestricted Submarine Warfare? | naval combat in which submarines target any vessel suspected of carrying contraband |
| What was the Sussex Pledge? | a promise by Germany that it would stop engaging in unrestricted submarine warfare |
| What is Isolationism? | policy wanting a nation to stay out of foreign affairs, i.e. to isolate the country from involvement in disputes and conflicts in other countries |
| What were the POWs? | Prisoners of War |
| What was the Geneva Convention? | an international agreement created in 1864 establishing rules for conducting war, including the treatment of POWs |
| What is Atrocity? | a brutal crime in war |
| What was Propaganda? | ideas, facts, or rumors spread deliberately to further one’s cause or to damage an opposing cause |
| What was the Lusitania? | a British luxury, cruise ship sunk by a German U-boat torpedo off the coast of Ireland, killing 1,201 people, including 128 Americans |
| What was the Zimmerman Telegram/Note? | telegram sent by the German foreign minister, Alfred Zimmerman to his deputy in Mexico stating that Germany would help Mexico financially and territorially if it declared war on the U.S.; it was intercepted by British military intelligence and given to th |
| What is the A.E.F.? | American Expeditionary Force; name for the U.S. military sent over to fight the Central Powers in World War I |
| Who was General John Pershing? | led the A.E.F. in World War I |
| What is Conscription? | drafting into military service citizens of a country, usually males between the ages of 18 and 45 |
| What is the Selective Service Act? | passed by Congress in May 1917 authorizing the draft in the U.S. |
| What are Conscientious Objectors? | people whose moral or religious beliefs forbid them to fight in wars |
| What was the War Industries Board? | federal agency that had the power to tell companies what to produce, to set prices, and to order the construction of new factories |
| Who was Bernard Baruch? | an influential Wall Street investment broker who led the War Industries Board (WIB) during World War I |
| Who was Herbert Hoover? | head of the Food Administration during Word War I and later elected the 31st U.S. President |
| Who was George Creel? | appointed by President Woodrow Wilson as the director of the CPI |
| What was the Medal of Honor? | the highest military award given by the U.S. government; it is given to a member of U.S. Armed Forces who distinguishes himself by risking his life above and beyond the call of duty while engaged in action against an enemy of the U.S. |
| What is Posthumously? | after death; often the condition under which the Medal of Honor is awarded |
| Who was Sergeant Alvin C. York? | most famous American hero of World War I who was awarded the Medal of Honor for leading an attack on a German machine gun nest as his company was pinned down under heavy fire and single-handedly captured 32 machine guns, killed 28 German soldiers & captur |
| What was the Bolshevik Revolution? | the 1917 communist overthrow of Russia’s monarchy under Czar Nicholas II; caused Russia to drop out of World War I |
| Who was Vladimir Illich Lenin? | leader of the Bolshevik Revolution; created the first communist country in the world out of Russia, the USSR |
| What was the U.S.S.R.? | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; first communist nation in the world created by the Bolsheviks led by V.I. Lenin |
| What is Armistice? | an agreement to stop fighting until a treaty to end a war can be negotiated; a cease-fire |
| What was the Paris Peace Conference? | the negotiations to end World War I |
| What were Wilson’s Fourteen Points? | President Woodrow Wilson’s plan based on the Allies’ war aims to end World War I |
| What was the Treaty of Versailles? | treaty with Germany to end World War I that imposed harsh penalties and restrictions on the Germans, leading to much German resentment and bitterness against the Allies |
| What was the League of Nations? | world organization created during the Paris Peace Conference; it was one of Wilson’s 14 Points and its purpose was to resolve disputes among countries peacefully |
| Who was Eddie Rickenbacker? | America’s top combat pilot during World War I, who shot down 26 enemy planes |
| What is the Espionage Act? | Congressional law of 1917 that allowed the government to ban from the mail treasonable or seditious newspapers, magazines, or printed material |
| What is the Sedition Act? | Congressional law of 1918 that made it unlawful to use “disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about the American form of government, the Constitution, or the military forces” |
| What was Schenck v. United States? | a 1919 Supreme Court case in which the constitutionality of the Sedition act was upheld |
| What was Abrams v. United States? | 1919 case - anti-U.S. military involvement on Bolshevik Revolution |
| How did women contribute to the war effort? | Women filled manufacturing (worked in factories) and agricultural positions on the home front. |
| What were the reasons that Americans’ support for joining the war grew? | Unrestricted Submarine Warfare, Lusitania sinking killing 128 Americans, GB’s blockade hurt American businesses (b/c it was difficult for ships to get into and out of Germany, GB hid ships “Behind the American Flag,” propaganda of GB & France began to aff |
| What argument did President Wilson use when he asked Congress to join with the Allies and declare war on Germany? | He asked for a declaration of war and that all Americans to help “make the world safe for democracy,” but also wanted to go to war b/c of the economic reasons of Germany’s sub warfare on merchant ships and American investments in Europe. The U.S. had mora |
| What were the years during which WW 1 was fought? | 1914 – 1918 |
| What were the years during which the U.S. fought in WW 1? | 1917 |
| Why was the entry of the U.S. into WW I significant? | The entry of the United States was the turning point of the war because it made the eventual defeat of Germany possible. At first, when the U.S. entered the war, they relied on recruiting to get soldiers, they used propaganda to persuade men to enlist, th |
| Why did the federal government encourage Americans to grow “victory gardens”? | The Food Administration encouraged Americans to grow Victory Gardens b/c they signify the “total war” aspect. |
| Why did the U.S. government call its bonds, “liberty bonds”? | To show Americans that we are fighting for freedom. |
| Why did the federal government institute Daylight Savings Time? | To save coal for the war effort |
| Why did WW I quickly become a war of attrition? | Because of trench warfare |
| What was the Committee of Public Information? | A federal agency created to educate the American public about the causes and nature of World War 1 a.k.a. the CPI. |
| What was the Fuel Administration? | a federal agency that set and enforced prices for coal, including the cost of transportation (by rail); to save coal it formally adopted Daylight Savings Time in 1918 but it became optional after World War I. |
| What was the Food Administration? | a federal agency that set high prices for food to encourage farmers to increase production; also encouraged Americans to conserve food for the war effort. |
| Although the U.S. was neutral at the outbreak of World War I, why did it continue to trade mostly with Great Britain? | In the early days of the war, as Britain and France struggled against Germany, American leaders decided it was in the national interest to continue trade with all sides as before. A neutral nation cannot impose an embargo on one side and continue trade wi |
| What laws and decisions affected first amendment rights during WWI? | Espionage Act and the Sedition Act |
| Why did the government believe it was necessary to restrict freedom of speech in wartime? | Freedom of speech could have challenged its authority – the govt. believed that it must do this in order to protect national security. |
| What laws were challenged in Schenck v. U.S.? | 1st amendment and the Espionage Act |
| Why did Germany first use unrestricted sub warfare? | They wanted to stop shipments of contraband (war materials) to GB. |
| Why did Germany agree to the Sussex Pledge? | The U.S. gave Germany an ultimatum “stop it or else” Germany didn’t want to U.S. to get into the war b/c of their power. |
| Why did Wilson want the U.S. to join the League of Nations? | He wanted the U.S. to join the League of Nations b/c he predicted that if they didn’t join there would be another world war. |
| Why did many Americans not want to join the League of Nations? | They didn’t trust foreign countries and they believed that they would be better to keep isolated so they wouldn’t get caught up in foreign countries’ affairs. |
| What foreign policy does that refusal show the U.S. reinstitute after WWI? | Isolationist foreign Policy |
| How did America’s participation in WWI contribute to increased economic opportunities for African Americans? | Many jobs opened North b/c workers joined the army, this led to the “Great Migration.” |
| In 1917, when Wilson said we must “make the world safe for democracy,” why would women have scoffed at that? | B/c they didn’t have the right to vote seeing as the 19th amendments hadn’t been passed yet. |
| How were the reasons for U.S. entry into WWI similar to its reasons for the Spanish-American War? | Just like in WWI, the nation fighting for independence kept trying to revolt but without America's help and supplies, they were not able to defeat the enemy because they were not strong enough. Also, the Lusitania is like the explosion of the USS Maine, Z |
| How did anti-German propaganda affect Americans’ feelings about European immigrants? | This propaganda increased Americans’ suspicion of European immigrants. |
| Why was it surprising that Woodrow Wilson led the U.S. into WWI? | B/c his slogan in the 1916 election had been “He kept us out of the war.” |
| What is the National Defense Act? | June 3, 1916, passed with increased govt. spending to increased military. |
| What was the Spanish Flu Pandemic? | 1918 -1919: Occurred in 3 waves. 1st = mild influenza erupted in the late spring and summer of 1918. 2nd = outbreak of severe influenza in fall of 1918. 3rd = spring of 1919. Death toll = 20 mil. Worldwide, U.S. = 675,000 out of a population of 105 mil. |
| Who was Woodrow Wilson? | After a policy of neutrality at the outbreak of World War I, Wilson led America into war in order to “make the world safe for democracy.” He created the League of Nations. |
| What was the Great Migration? | (1916 – 1930) was a population shift of blacks from south to North. |
| What were Reparations? | payments for war damages |
Created by:
mbk123
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