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Stack #36574
Thorax Miscellaneous
Question | Answer |
---|---|
superior mediastinum | above imaginary line from sternal angle to T4/T5 |
superior mediatstinum contains | thymus, brachiocephalic vv. & SVC, aortic arch & branches; vagus, phrenic, l. recurrent laryngeal nn., cardiac plexus, esophagus, thoracic duct |
phrenic nerves | descend lateral & anterior to vagus nn. |
R. recurrent laryngeal n. | (from r. vagus n.) curves aroung r. subclavian a. (brachicephalic trunk) to swing superiorly |
L. recurrent laryngeal n. | departs from L. vagus to loop under arch of aorta before ascending |
Phrenic nerves | innervate pericardium & diaphragm |
Vagus nerves | contribute to cardiac & pulmonary plexuses then form esophageal plexus & travel w/esophagus into abdomen |
On Right, autonomics | form deep cardiace plexus along bifurcation of trachea |
R. vagal trunk | swings posteriorly to form posterior esophageal plexus |
On Left, autonomics | form superficial cardiac plexus along anterior surface of aortic arch |
L. vagal trunk forms | anterior esophageal plexus |
sympathetic trunks | pass posterior to diaphrahm to enter abdomen |
thoracic spalanchnic nn. | (preganglionic sympathetic fibers descending into abdomen) - greater, lesser, least |
Greater spalanchnic n. | from T5-T9 |
Lesser spalanchnic n. | from T10-111 |
Least spalanchnic n. | from T12 |
Azygos venous system | originates w/ascending lumbar vv. in abdomen |
Azygos v. | complete on R. side & empties into SVC |
Azygos v. receives | blood from hemiazygos & accessory hemiazygos on L. side |
Upper 3 or 4 intercostal spaces on left | drain superiorly into L. superior intercostal v. |
Abdominal Fascia | superficial, deep, transversalis, parietal peritoneum |
Superficial abdominal fascia | camper's & scarpa's |
Campers fat | outer, fatty |
Scarpas fat | inner, membranous |
Deep Abdominal Fascia | invests mm. |
Transversalis abdominal fascia | deep to transversus abdominis, incomplete |
Arcuate Line - above | aponeurosis of internal oblique & transversaus abdominis contribute to the posterior of rectus sheath |
Arcuate Line - below | only transversalis fascia separates rectus m. from peritoneum |
dermatomal landmarks-T4 | nipple |
dermatomal landmarks-T7 | xiphoid process |
dermatomal landmarks-T10 | umbilicus |
dermatomal landmarks-T12 | top of pubic symphysis |