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Chapter 8
Progressive Era
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| progressivism | movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms |
| muckraker | reported on the hazardous conditions in factories and cities during the progressive era |
| social gospel | blended ideas from german socialism and american progressivism into a plan for building a better society |
| settlement house | community center organized at the turn of the twentieth century to provide social services to the urban poo |
| direct primary | an election in which citizens vote to select nominees for upcoming elections |
| initiative | process in which citizens put a proposed new law directly on the ballot |
| referendum | allowed citizens to approve or reject laws passed by a legislature |
| recall | gave voters the power to move public servants out of office before their term is over |
| jacob riis | photographed tenement buildings in which the urban poor lived (how the other half lived) |
| jane addams | leading figure in the settlement house movement (hull house) |
| the jungle upton sinclair | the living and working conditions in chicago's stockyards |
| triangle shirtwaist factory | killed 146 people and resulted in workers' compensation laws |
| national consumers league (ncl) | identified products made under healthful working conditions and encouraged women to buy them |
| temperance movement | the campaign to promote the practice of never drinking alcohol |
| suffrage | right to vote |
| national american women suffrage association (nawsa) | worked on both the state and national levels to earn women the right to vote |
| nineteenth amendment | stated that the right to vote "shall not be denied or abridged on account of sex" gave women suffrage |
| florence kelly | formed the women's trade union league to push for laws that would benefit women working in factories |
| alice paul | founded the national women's party (nwp), which used public protest marches to demand the right to vote |
| ida b wells | founded the national association of colored women (nacw) to help african american families and those who were less fortunate. created day cares |
| muller v oregon | limited work hours for women |
| lincoln steffens | wrote the shame of cities exposing political corruption in philadelphia |
| young men's christian associations (ymca) | provided services to the urban poor and offered classes, dances, and sports |
| keating-owens act | banned child labor |
| john dewey | criticized american schools for teaching children to memorize facts but not to think creatively. |
| lochner v new york | laws limiting to a 10-hour workday were unconsitiutional |
| hurrican in texas | adapted the commission form of government and curved political machines |
| robert la follette | governor of wisconsin that lowered railroad fees and forced them to pay higher taxes. helped his state improve education, make factories safer, and adopt the direct primary |
| margret sanger | opened the first birth control clinic in the country but got jailed many times |
| carrie chapman catt | president of the national american woman suffrage association (nawsa) that earned women suffrage |
| americanization | american's making immigrants more like the white middle class |
| national association for the advancement of colored people (naacp) | springfield riot let to this being formed. help african americans be physically free from peonage, mentally free from ignorance, politically free from disenfranchisement, and socially free from insult |
| niagara movement | du bois and other leaders against booker 's idea of gradual process and condemned only teaching trade skills |
| urban league | network of churches and clubs that set up employment agencies and relief efforts to help african americans get settled and find work in the cities |
| mutualistas | organized groups of mexican americans that make loans and provide legal assistants to other members of their community |
| anti-defamation league | defended jews against physical and verbal attacks and false statements |
| booker t washington | wanted gradual african american progress and rights |
| web du bois | wanted immediate african american progress and rights |
| dawes act | divided reservations into plots for individuals to farm |
| carlos montezuma | established the society of american indians for indians to protest the federal indian policy. urged african americans to preserve their culture and avoid being dependent on the government |
| 1913 californian law | forced japanese americans to sell their land |
| square deal | President Theodore Roosevelt's program of reforms to keep wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor |
| hepburn act | President Theodore Roosevelt's program of reforms to keep wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor |
| meat inspection act | allowed the federal government to inspect meat sold across state lines and required federal inspection of meat processing plants |
| pure food and drug act | allowed federal inspection of food and medicine and banned the interstate shipment and sale of impure food and the mislabeling of food and drugs |
| national reclamation act | gave the federal government the power to decide where and how water would be distributed through the building and management of dams and irrigation projects |
| new nationalism | Roosevelt's plan to restore the governments trust-building power |
| progressive party | political party that emerged from the Taft-Roosevelt battle that split the Republican party in 1912 |
| john muir | led congress to establish yosemite national park |
| rational use | forests be preserved for public use |
| department of commerce and labor | because of a coal strike, roosevelt urged congresses to establish this force to monitor businesses engaged in interstate commerce and keep capitalists from abusing their power |
| interstate commerce commission (icc) | supreme court stripped away most of their power to oversee railroads |
| elkins act | imposed fines to railroads that gave special rates to favored shippers |
| gifford pinchot | recommended that forests be preserved |
| new freedom | Woodrow Wilson's program to place government controls on corporations in order to benefit small businesses |
| sixteenth amendment | gave Congress the authority to levy an income tax |
| federal reserve act | placed national banks under the control of a Federal Reserve Board, which runs regional banks that hold the reserve funds from commercial banks, sets interest rates, and supervises commercial banks |
| federal trade commission | identify monopolistic business practices, false advertising, dishonest labeling |
| clayton antitrust act | strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act spelled out activies in which businesses could not engage |
| workingmans compensation act | gave wages to the temporarily disabled civil service workers |
| adamson act | prevented a railroad strike and it gave railroad workers an 8 hour workday |
| ludlow massacre | 26 men were killed in a coal mining strike and woodrow sent federal troops to break it up |
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