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Papilledema - Neuro

Dr. Ziegler Neurological Disease - Papilledema & Increased Intracranial Pressure

TermDefinition
papilledema increased intracranial pressure causes rippled effect along perimeter ("elevation") and loss of sharp contours, due to congestion and swelling of axons
increased intracranial pressure symptoms HA, papilledema, N/V, impaired consciousness, increased BP, bradycardia, skull: buldging fontanelles
CN 5 and CN 10 pain of dura, fall, and tentorium
brain tumors - chronic/insidious onset, steady progression - focal is typical
cluster headache - unilateral pain is typical - less common form: transient (mins to hours), at reg times of day (waking up) - peri-orbital or along a path of nerve/vessel
tension headache - diffuse or band-like pattern is typical - steady, bilateral, non-pulsating
migraine - uni or bilateral (can be hemicranial) - preceded by auras (not always) - N/V common
meningeal irritation signs headache/pain nuchal rigidity: neck stiffness (possibly caused by meningitis)
idiopathic intracranial hypertension mimics increased ICP but is diffuse
obstructive hydrocephalus non-communicating, CSF flow inside ventricles is blocked - upstream ventricles enlarge and increase ICP
communicating hydrocephalus increased ICP, flow inside ventricular system is still intact - blockage of apertures or impaired absorption of CSF through arachnoid villi - villi can become clogged by blood cells, microbes - inward compression
major intracranial pathologies of hydrocephalus - ependymoma or papilloma - congenital: cerebral aqueduct atresia - chiair malformation: cerebellar tonsils enlarge against medulla
normal pressure hydrocephalus - elderly patients - transient increases in ICP along with transient s/s - wet, wacky, wobbly !! > diffuse neuro signs
Created by: kycokate
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