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US history exam 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Common Sense by Thomas Paine | (observe the British North America) Thomas Paine’s popular pamphlet that encouraged independence from England by arguing that colonists could never be truly free under the English constitution. |
| George Washington as commander of the Continental Army | Congress need a centralized military commander to create a continental army and it was George Washinton. American Patriots - Term for supporters of American independence during the Revolutionary War. |
| American advantages over the British in the Revolutionary War | America was fight for independent and to become free from Britain |
| France's role in our independence | Help the America with resources and ally to the Americans to defeat the British in the Revolutionary War. |
| Loyalists/Tories -- 1/3 of the colonies | Supporters of England and the king, they may have represented a third of the white colonial population; many left America after the Revolution. |
| Northwest Ordinance 1787 | A 1787 decree that created a single political territory out of the land north of the Ohio River. Freedom of religion and the right to trial by jury to residents of the region and Prohibited slaver. |
| Shay's Rebellion | A 1786 uprising of poor Massachusetts farmers demanding relief from their debts. Open the mind of making a new Government. |
| "The Great Compromise" -- Constitutional Convention 1787 and what did the convention do Lower house of representatives | the states would be represented on the basis of population. Each slave to be counted as three-fifths of a free person in determining the basic for both representation and direct taxation |
| "The Great Compromise" -- Constitutional Convention 1787 and what did the convention do In upper senate | , each state, regardless of population, would be represented by two members, with those senators elected by state legislature, not the general voting public. |
| "The Great Compromise" is | A two-house legislature |
| two-house legislature are | Lower house of representatives and upper senate |
| The Constitution of 1787 | established America's national government and fundamental laws, and guaranteed certain basic rights for its citizens. |
| James Madison | Fourth president of the United States; instrumental in the creation of the U.S. Constitution. |
| wrote Most of the drafting of the constitution itself and devised the Virginia Plan, help to resolve two important philosophical question: sovereignty and limiting power | President James Madison |
| Sovereignty | Madison and his contemporaries decided, was that all power, at all levels of government, flowed ultimately from the people. Neither the federal government nor the state governments were truly sovereign. |
| Federalism | A political system dividing powers between state and federal governments that together constitute a federation. |
| Separation of power | The partitioning of authority to distinct branches of a government. |
| Checks and balances | A system that grants the various branches of government the power to oversee or constrain other branches, so that no part grows too powerful. Legislative, executive, and judicial branch |
| The question of citizenship | The legal recognition of a person’s inclusion in a body politic by the extension of various rights and privileges and the expectation of various duties and obligations. |
| The Antifederalist position | Term used by Federalists to describe those who were against ratification of the Constitution. |
| Alexander Hamilton | One of the country’s founders, Hamilton championed a strong central government as a Federalist and was influential in Washington’s cabinet. |
| what was Alexander Hamilton reminder | of no bank, no government |
| Pinckney's Treaty | Agreement between the United States and Spain that guaranteed access to the Mississippi River for American trade and protection from Native Americans in Spain’s territories. |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | A group of laws passed under President John Adams that limited new immigrants’ access to citizenship and gave the federal government broad powers to limit criticism of the government. |
| Jay's Treaty | in response to continued British seizure of American ships in 1794 by the chief justice of the Supreme Court, resolved the dispute by acknowledging American supremacy over the Northwest territory and producing a commercial relationship with Britain. |
| Eli Whitney | -American inventor best known for developing the cotton gin and interchangeable parts |
| cotton gin positive side was | that it removed seeds from long staple cotton, and it was steam powered or engine |
| cotton gin negative thing | that we gained a lot of land and with cotton that means increase in slavery to do labor |
| interchangeable parts | A part of something got broken, you can exchange it with a new one or you can replace with something to fix it |
| Thomas Jefferson | He worked hard to exert influence as the leader of his party, giving direction to Republicans in congress by quiet and sometime even devious means. |
| Thomas Jefferson called | the champion of the “common man.” |
| Louisiana Purchase | Jefferson solution was to instructed Robert Livingston, American ambassador in Paris, to negotiate for the purchase of New Orleans. Livingston, on his own authority, proposed that French sell the US the rest of Louisiana as well. |
| Lewis and Clark | On the direction of President Jefferson, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark led an expedition from Missouri to the Pacific in order to gather information on the lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase. |
| "The Star-Spangled Banner" 1 | 1814, British troops enter Washington and put the government on flight. Then they set fire to several public buildings, including the White House in retaliation for the earlier American burning of the Canadian capital at York. |
| "The Star-Spangled Banner" 2 | They then went up the bay towards Baltimore but Fort McHenry, was prepared to block the approaching fleet, the Americans had soaked sever ships in the Patapsco River the entry to Baltimore’s harbor. |
| "The Star-Spangled Banner" 3 | Therefore, forcing the British to bombard the fort from a distance. Through the night of September 13, Francis Scott Key, A Washington lawyer on board one of the British ships to negotiate the return of prisoners, watched the bombardment. |
| "The Star-Spangled Banner" 4 | The next morning, by dawn early light, he could see the flag on the fort still flying. He recorded his pride at the moment by writing a poem, the Star-Spangled Banner. The British withdrew from Baltimore. |
| Early needs of the Republic | • New efforts arose to strengthen national economic development • for another national bank <- second Bank of the US • better transportation system to link the vast territories of the growing US |
| Black Belt Region | old south contained a broad zone where cotton could thrive, a region of dark, productive soil in Alabama, Mississippi and Georgia |
| Four new states | Indiana Illinois Mississippi Alabama |
| Indiana and Illinois are | free states |
| Mississippi and Alabama are | slave states |
| "Era of Good Feelings" -- know why times were good, but also understand how they ended | US won another or 2ed war against the British Virginia Dynasty Adams-Oñis Treaty 1819 - Spain gave Florida to the United States 4. Panic of 1819 - Six-year depression that began with a price collapse of American trade goods. |
| Virginia Dynasty | were all the President where hand picked from Virgina, sectionalist and party were ending |
| John Quincy Adams and the Florida problem | US toke over west Florida. Spaniards still heled Florida as a territory but the problem is native American who would leave from Spanish Florida and raid different American communities in America south. Then go back hide in Spanish Florida. |
| Seminole Wars | conflicts between United States forces and the Seminole, Native American in Florida; the first one, in 1816–1819, saw Andrew Jackson lead an invasion of Spanish Florida, during which Jackson’s troops chased Seminole raiders and seized Spanish forts. |
| Panic of 1819 | Six-year depression that began with a price collapse of American trade goods. |
| Adams-Oñis Treaty 1819 | Agreement between the United States and Spain in 1819 that gave Florida to the United States in exchange for dropping its claims to Texas. |
| Monroe Doctrine | Articulated in 1823, the policy of the United States that warned against European interference in the American continents and promised the United States would stay out of European affairs. |
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