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Unit 3
A New Nation
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Alexander Hamilton | Leader of the Federalist Party who was killed in a duel in 1804. |
Federalist | First U.S. political party that supported a strong central government and an economy focused on manufacturing, commerce, and trade. |
Election of 1800 | Thomas Jefferson defeated President Adams and power peacefully transferred from one political party to another. |
Democratic - Republican | Political party that supported individual and state rights and an agrarian economy based on land ownership and agriculture. |
Louisiana Purchase | 1803 - President Jefferson bought land from France which doubled the size of the U.S. |
Lewis and Clark | Leaders of an expedition that explored the Louisiana Territory and found a route to the Pacific Ocean. |
John Adams | 2nd President (1797 to 1801) Elected in 1796 as the only Federalist to serve as President of the United States. |
Thomas Jefferson | 3rd President (1801 to 1809) Democratic - Republican elected in 1800 who wanted to downsize the federal government, repeal excessive taxes, and reduce military spending and public debts. |
James Madison | 4th President (1809 to 1817) Democratic - Republican who asked Congress to declare war on Great Britain in 1812. |
Impressment | A practice of the British Navy to seize American sailors and force them to serve on their ships. |
Alien and Sedition Acts | 1798 - Congress passed laws to deport foreigners and imprison citizens for negative speech about the government and its leaders of the United States. |
Treaty of Ghent | 1814 - Peace terms agreed to by the U.S. and Britain to end the War of 1812 and restore pre-war borders. |
War of 1812 | Conflict between the United States and Great Britain from 1812 and 1815. |
Sacagawea | Native American woman who was a translator and guide for Lewis and Clark Expedition. |
Monroe Doctrine | 1824 - Declaration by the United States that stated the Americas were closed to any future European colonization . |
James Monroe | 5th President (1817 to 1825) Democratic - Republican who presided over the Era of Good Feelings. |
Quasi War | Undeclared conflict fought at sea between ships of the United States and France from 1798 to 1800. |
Tecumseh | Shawnee Chief who created a Native American Confederacy that was aligned with Great Britain in order to return to old ways of living and to stop the sale of Indian lands to the U.S. |
Andrew Jackson | U.S. General who defeated a British attack on New Orleans in 1815 and led a raid into Spanish Florida against Seminole Indians in 1818. |
Convention of 1800 | Meeting between the United States and France where it was decided to terminate the Treaty of Alliance of 1778. |
Adams - Onis Treaty | 1819 - Agreement where Spain ceded Florida to the United States. |
New Orleans | The British attacked this city in 1815 in the final battle of the War of 1812. |
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | Statements secretly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to call on states to reject the Alien and Sedition Acts. |
Washington D.C. | Burned by British troops during the War of 1812. |
Weapons | Great Britain supplied Native Americans with this item from Canada. |
Embargo Act | 1807 - Congress closed the United States to overseas trade. |
XYZ Affair | 1797 - French diplomats refused to meet with U.S. diplomats unless a bribe was first paid. |
John Marshall | Federalist who was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court by President Adams. |
Judicial Review | Power of the Supreme Court to review and strike down laws as unconstitutional - Established in Marbury v. Madison in 1801. |
USS Chesapeake | U.S. ship that was fired on by the British ship HMS Leopard off the coast of Virginia in 1807 - Led to the Embargo Act. |
Napoleon | French Emperor who sold Louisiana to the United States. |
Oregon Country | Territory that the U.S. laid claim to after the Lewis and Clark Expedition. |
Non-Intercourse Act | 1809 - Congress offered to open trade to Britain OR France - Whoever was first to recognize the neutral rights of U.S. ships. |
War Hawks | Young Democratic - Republicans in Congress who sought war with Great Britain. |
Canada | A U.S. invasion of ____________ was defeated in 1812. |
Baltimore | A British attack on ____________ in 1814 was defeated by U.S. troops in Fort McHenry. |
Hartford Convention | 1814 - Meeting of anti-war Federalists who discussed seeking a separate peace with Great Britain and breaking away from the United States. |
Era of Good Feelings | A period of political unity, nationalism, and economic growth after the War of 1812 while James Monroe was president. |
American System | Economic program after the War of 1812 to recharter the National Bank, place tariffs on foreign goods, and fund internal improvements like roads and canals. |
Henry Clay | Democratic - Republican in Congress who proposed the American System and the Missouri Compromise. |
Steamboat | Invention by Robert Fulton that advanced river transportation. |
Canals | Man-made waterways constructed to benefit commerce. |
National Road | The first highway that was funded by the federal government. |
Interchangeable Parts | Concept by Eli Whitney to produce machine made identical pieces that could be assembled quickly by unskilled workers. |
Cotton Gin | Invention by Eli Whitney to clean the seeds from cotton fibers. |
Textiles | Francis C. Lowell built the first American factories in Massachusetts which produced ______________________. |
Cotton | Became the most valuable cash crop in the world in the early 1800's. |
Missouri Compromise | 1820 - Created Missouri as a Slave State, Maine as a Free State, and Latitude 36 / 30' divided the Louisiana Purchase into Free and Slave territory. |
Latitude 36 / 30' | Slavery would be allowed in Louisiana Territory South of the line, but would be prohibited North of it. |
Federalists | This group opposed war against Great Britain. |