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Unit 2

American Revolution

TermDefinition
Articles of Confederation First Constitution of the U.S. - Created a weak central government and strong independent states.
George Washington Commander of the Continental Army and 1st President of the United States.
Anti-Federalists People who opposed the Constitution because they feared a strong central government.
Federalists People who supported the Constitution because they wanted a strong central government.
Virginia Plan Proposal at the Constitutional Convention to create a strong central government separated into 3 branches.
Three-Fifths Compromise 5 slaves would count as 3 free persons to determine a state's representation in Congress.
Patriots Americans who supported independence from Great Britain.
Loyalists Americans who sided with Great Britain.
Saratoga Battle in New York in 1777 - A British army surrendered to American forces led by Horatio Gates, Benedict Arnold, and Daniel Morgan - Turning Point of the war.
Yorktown Battle in Virginia in 1781 - A British army surrendered to American and French forces led by George Washington - Final battle of the war.
Treaty of Paris Peace agreement in 1783 - Great Britain recognized independence and ceded land to the United States.
Continental Army The primary American army that fought the British in the Revolutionary War.
Treaty of Alliance 1778 Agreement - Created an alliance between the Americans and France against Great Britain.
Bill of Rights First 10 amendments added to the Constitution to protect individual freedoms.
Ben Franklin Ambassador who negotiated the Treaty of Alliance with France.
Constitutional Convention 1787 Meeting - State delegates met in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation.
Hessians German soldiers that the British paid to fight for them in America.
Thomas Jefferson Secretary of State who opposed the creation of the National Bank.
George Mason Anti-Federalist - Demanded the Constitution had to include a declaration of rights to protect individual freedoms.
Executive Branch The President - Enforces laws.
Legislative Branch Congress - Passes laws.
Judicial Branch The Supreme Court - Interprets laws.
Connecticut Compromise Agreement to create a Bicameral Congress - The Senate and House of Representatives.
Trenton Battle in New Jersey in 1776 - Washington won his first victory over enemy forces after a surprise crossing of the Delaware River on Christmas night.
James Madison Proposed the Virginia Plan and drafted the Bill of Rights - Father of the Constitution.
Senate Upper House of Congress - Each state gets 2 votes.
House of Representatives Lower House of Congress - Votes based on state population.
Ratification To formally approve the Constitution.
Northwest Ordinance Act of Congress in 1787 - The Northwest Territory and procedures to create new states from it.
Shay's Rebellion Uprising in 1786 - Rural farmers in Massachusetts protested increased taxes enacted to pay off the state's war debts.
Small States Wanted representation in Congress to be equal.
Large States Wanted representation in Congress to be based on population.
Redcoats Nickname for British soldiers.
France Nation in Europe whose monarchy was overthrown by revolutionaries who wanted to establish a republic.
1 Votes that each state have in Congress under the Articles of Confederation.
13 Number of states needed to vote yes to amend the Articles of Confederation.
The States Held the power to print currency, collect taxes, and regulate commerce under the Articles of Confederation.
Federalist Papers 85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison to convince Americans to support the Constitution.
The Constitution Governing document ratified by 9 of the 13 states in 1788 - All 13 states by 1790.
Jay's Treaty Agreement between the U.S. and Great Britain in 1794 - The British agreed to pay the U.S. for ships they were seizing and both nations would trade more with each other.
Neutrality The official position of the U.S. taken by President Washington during the French Revolution.
McCullough v. Maryland Supreme Court ruling in 1819 - The creation of the National Bank was constitutional.
Implied Powers Abilities granted to the central government that aren't explicitly stated in the Constitution - The National Bank.
Washington D.C. The national capital was moved as a compromise to approve the National Bank to this location.
Southerners Group that opposed the National Bank.
National Bank Created to manage the nation's debts and finances.
Alexander Hamilton Secretary of the Treasury who proposed that the Federal government assume state debts and to create a National Bank.
Federalism Concept in the Constitution that some powers are shared by the Federal government and the states.
Supremacy Clause Statement in the Constitution that the actions of the Federal government take precedence over the States.
Cowpens Battle in South Carolina in 1781 - American troops led by Daniel Morgan defeated British forces in the South Carolina backcountry.
Baron Von Steuben Prussian military officer who helped train and discipline Washington's Continental Army at Valley Forge.
Valley Forge Winter encampment in Pennsylvania where Washington's Continental Army endured the Winter of 1778 - 1779.
New York City Colonial city captured by British troops in 1776 after Washington was defeated in battles at Brooklyn Heights and White Plains.
John Adams 1st Vice President of the United States.
Cabinet A group of advisers to the President.
Created by: MhsUSHistory
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