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Unit 1
Colonial America
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Jamestown | First permanent English SETTLEMENT in North America. - 1607 |
| House of Burgesses | General Assembly established in Jamestown to pass laws and maintain order in the Virginia Colony - 1618 - First representative government in North America. |
| France | Established colonies in North America to create a lucrative fur trade with Native Americans. |
| Town Meetings | Gatherings in the New England Colonies where men who were landowners and church members could directly vote on laws for their communities. |
| Indentured servants | Poor settlers from Europe who paid off the costs of their passage to America by working for a landowner for a contracted period of time. |
| Middle Colonies | New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. |
| New England Colonies | Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire. |
| Mayflower Compact | Declaration by the Pilgrims that they would make their own laws in America - 1620 |
| 1619 | African Slaves first arrived in the Virginia Colony. |
| Cash Crops | Grown to be sold or exported. |
| Middle Passage | Route by which European ships brought enslaved Africans to be sold in the Americas. |
| Virginia | First English COLONY in North America. |
| Virginia Company of London | Joint stock company of investors in England who received a charter from the King to create a PROFITABLE colony in North America. |
| French and Indian War | Conflict between Great Britain and France in North America - 1754 - 1763 |
| Ohio River Valley | Disputed region claimed by both Great Britain and France - Led to the French and Indian War. |
| Puritans | English Protestants who settled Massachusetts in order to create a model Christian society - "City upon a hill." |
| Southern Colonies Economy | Cash crops such tobacco, rice, and indigo. |
| Southern Colonies Society | Wealthy landowners owned plantations - Yeoman were poor farmers - Laborers were indentured servants and enslaved Africans. |
| Middle Colonies Economy | Farmed grains such as wheat and corn - Small industries based on iron ore and wood products. |
| Middle Colonies Society | Diverse population that tolerated different religious beliefs. |
| New England Colonies Economy | Fishing, whaling, shipbuilding, raising livestock, lumbering, and subsistence farming. |
| Planters | Farmers in the Southern colonies who owned large farms called plantations where cash crops were grown using the labor of indentured servants or slaves. |
| Raw Materials | Colonies provide ____________________ to a mother country. |
| Triangular Trade | Colonial trade system between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. |
| Treaty of Paris | Peace agreement that ended the French and Indian War with France giving up its territory in North America to Great Britain. - 1763 |
| New England Colonies Society | No toleration for non-believers or dissent from the Puritan church and its values. |
| John Rolfe | English colonist who bought tobacco seeds to Jamestown. |
| Pilgrims | English Protestant separatists who established the settlement of Plymouth - 1620 |
| Proclamation of 1763 | Law that prohibited English colonists from settling West of the Appalachian Mountains to limit conflict with American Indians. |
| Benjamin Franklin | Colonist who created this cartoon during the French and Indian War. |
| Albany Conference | Colonial representatives met and rejected a proposal to unite under one colonial government for their common defense during the French and Indian War - 1754. |
| George Washington | Virginia colonist who led a mission to tell the French to leave their forts in the Ohio River Valley. |
| Spain | Established colonies in North America to find wealth and convert Native Americans - "Gold, God, and Glory." |
| England | Established 13 colonies along the eastern seaboard of North America. |
| Debt | Great Britain faced this problem after the French and Indian War. |
| American Revenue Act | Great Britain raised taxes on raw sugar, molasses, silk, wine, and coffee being imported into the colonies - "Sugar Act" - 1764 |
| Stamp Act | Great Britain taxed all printed documents in the colonies - 1765 |
| Sons of Liberty | Group of colonists led by Samuel Adams and John Hancock who resisted British taxes in Boston (MA). |
| Stamp Act Congress | Representatives from the colonies met in New York and declared to Great Britain the colonies could not be taxed without representation. - 1765 |
| Powhatan Confederacy | Tribes of Native Americans in Virginia who clashed with English settlers in Virginia over land and resources. |
| Disease | Native Americans were devastated by this consequence of interaction with Europeans. |
| Finsihed Goods | A mother country sells ____________________ to a colony. |
| Mercantilism | Economic theory led motivated European nations to acquire colonies in order to gain wealth from raw materials. |
| Townshend Acts | British tax on goods such as glass paint, lead, and tea being imported into the colonies - 1767. |
| Plymouth | English settlement founded by the Pilgrims. - 1620 |
| Massachusetts Bay | English colony established by the Puritans. - 1630 |
| Great Britain | Won the French and Indian War |
| Native Americans | Most allied with France during the French and Indian War. |
| American colonists | Fought alongside British troops in the French and Indian War. |
| Writs of Assistance | General search warrants declared by Britain in an effort to prevent smuggling in the American colonies. |
| Boston Massacre | Incident in which British troops fired on and killed 5 colonists in Boston (MA). |
| Boston Tea Party | Protest against British taxes in which the Sons of Liberty dumped valuable British tea into Boston Harbor - 1773. |
| Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) | Acts in which Great Britain punished the Massachusetts Colony by putting it under direct political and economic control of Great Britain - 1774. |
| Samuel Adams and John Hancock | Leaders of the Sons of Liberty. |
| Edward Braddock | British general who led British troops on an expedition against Fort Duquesne - Defeated and killed by French troops and Native American allies - 1755. |
| Christopher Columbus | Explorer who sailed for Spain and rediscovered the Americas in 1492. |
| Tobacco | Cash crop that made Jamestown a profitable settlement. |
| Pilgrims and Puritans | English Protestant groups who came to America to escape religious persecution in England. |
| Nathaniel Bacon | Led a rebellion of poor colonists against what they viewed as lenient Indian policies of Virginia's Royal Governor - 1676 |
| King Phillip's War | Bloody conflict between the English colonists and Native Americans which decimated the Indian population of New England - 1675 - 1678. |
| Pontiac | Ottawa Chief who led a Native American uprising to prevent English colonists from settling the Ohio River Valley - 1763 |
| Continental Congress | A body of representatives from all 13 English colonies in America who met in Philadelphia and declared independence from Great Britain. |
| Common Sense | Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine which persuaded many colonists to support the idea of independence from Great Britain. |
| Thomas Jefferson | Author of the Declaration of Independence |
| Lexington and Concord | The first battles between the colonial Minutemen and British troops in Massachusetts - April 19, 1775. |
| Battle of Bunker Hill | British troops defeated American forces on Breed's Hill outside Boston - Heavy British casualties - 1775. |
| Thomas Gage | British general who was sent to be Governor of Massachusetts and to control Boston following the Boston Tea Party. |
| Minutemen | Nickname for colonial militia in America. |
| George III | King of England. |
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