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W.GEO Unit 1 Review
World Geography Unit 1 Exam Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Geography | Study of the earth |
| World Geography | The study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity as it affects and is affected by those physical features |
| Bachelor of Arts | World geo is a social study |
| Bachelor of Science | World geo is a science |
| Compass rose | Used to display the orientation of the four cardinal directions |
| Latitude | Distance north or south of equator, horizontal lines around earth |
| Longitude | Distance east or west of prime meridian, vertical lines around earth |
| cylindrical projection | Cylinder is accurate near equator but distorts distance and size near poles |
| Conical projection | Comes show shape but distort edges of landmasses |
| Azimuthal projection | Tangents make distance from center on point but distance between two points elsewhere is a no-go |
| Biosphere | Living matter on earth, including all plant and animal life forms LIFE |
| Atmosphere | The thin, fragile layer of gasses that surrounds the earth AIR |
| Hydrosphere | The water on the surface of the earth in oceans, rivers, lakes, rain, and mist WATER |
| Lithosphere | The earths crust including landforms, rocks, and soils LAND |
| Biome | The interaction of plant and animal communities that exist in a given area |
| Population | Groups of plants or animals of the same species that live in an ecosystem |
| Geology | The science that deals with the earth's physical structure and substance, its history, and the processes that act on it. |
| inner core, outer core, mantle, crust | Layers of the earth (innermost to outermost) |
| Pangaea | The supercontinent from which our present day continents diverged |
| 10 tectonic plates | How many tectonic plates move over our planet's mantle? |
| Plate boundaries | The borders/transition zones between tectonic plates |
| Convergent boundaries | When tectonic plates collide (push into each other), they create mountains or cause subduction |
| Divergent boundaries | When plates divide (move away from each other), making way for new land as magma rises to cool at the surface |
| transform boundaries | When two plates slide past each other. They grind and jerk as they slide, stressing the rock and causing faults |
| Climate | The weather seen in a specific area over long periods of time |
| Weather | The state of the atmosphere at a given place and time in regards to heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc |
| LACEMOPS | Acronym for things that influence climate |
| Latitude | L in lacemops |
| Air masses | A in lacemops |
| Continentality | C in lacemops |
| Elevation | E in lacemops |
| Mountain barriers | M in lacemops |
| Ocean currents | O in lacemops |
| Pressure systems | P in lacemops |
| Storm tracks | S in lacemops |
| Mountain barriers | Type of landform that blocks air masses and precipitation. Windward=left side w/ clouds. Leeward=no clouds, no rain, right side |
| Severe weather | Any dangerous act of nature fueled by changes in the atmosphere that puts people, animals or buildings at risk |
| Tornado | A fast-spinning column of air that stretches all the way from a thunderstorm cloud in the sky down to the earth's surface |
| Blizzard | Storms with blowing or falling snow, high winds, and cold temperatures |
| Hurricane | Storms with high winds and heavy rain that start as tropical storms that form over warm ocean waters |
| Flood | An act of nature that occurs when too much rain forces streams, rivers, and lakes to overflow |
| Drought | An act of nature that occurs when an area doesn't receive enough rainfall, drying up rivers and lakes, killing trees, and ruining crops |
| TOADS | Acronym for essentials of a map |
| Title | T in toads |
| Orientation | O in toads |
| Author | A in toads |
| Date | D in toads |
| Scale/Symbols | S in toads |
| Climograph | Shows the monthly precipitation and temperature for a specific location using a bar graph and a line graph |
| Precipitation | What is the bar graph in a climograph? |
| Temperature | What is the line graph in a climograph? |
| Natural hazards | Extreme natural events that pose a threat to human systems (like cities, governments, cultures, etc) and people |
| Natural events | Ways in which earth reshapes and modifies itself |
| Natural disaster | A natural event that causes significant harm to humans |
| To know the five themes of geography | What is MR HELP used for? |
| Movement | M in Mr Help |
| Region | R in Mr help |
| Human-Environment interaction | H and E in mr help |
| Location | L in Mr Help |
| Place | P in mr help |
| Movement | The concept that goods, people, and ideas travel |
| Region | The idea that some areas of the world can be grouped together based on commonalities like language, culture, trade, climate, religion, etc |
| Human Environment Interaction | Calls our attention to the things we do to the environment and to the things that the environment does to us |
| Location | Refers to where things, people, or goods are in space; can be relative or absolute |
| Absolute location | Tells us exactly where something is, usually using a grid of latitude and longitude |
| Relative location | Tells us where one thing is in relation to something else |
| Place | Refers to the characteristics that define and distinguish a region |
| Political boundaries, physical boundaries, history, natural resources | Things that define place |
| Landscapes, landmarks, governments, religions, ethnic groups, languages | Things that distinguish places |
| SPICE T | Acronym for how we describe place |
| Social | S in spice-t |
| Political | P in spice-t |
| Interaction | I in spice-t |
| Culture | C in spice-t |
| Economic | E in spice-t |
| Technology | T in spice-t |
| Human migration | The movement of people from one place to another with the intention of settling in a new location (can be permanent or temporary) |
| Immigration | The act of coming to live permanently in a foreign country |
| Emigration | The act of leaving a resident country to settle elsewhere |
| Push factors | Poverty, fear, disasters, unemployment |
| Pull factors | Safety, opportunity, freedom, stability |
| Culture | The customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group. |
| Spatial diffusion | The process by which an idea or innovation is transmitted between individuals and groups across space |
| Relocation diffusion | Occurs when people migrate from one place to another location |
| Expansion Diffusion | The spread of an idea or innovation through a fixed, non-migrating population |
| cultural diffusion | The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another. The mixing of world activities through different ethnicities, religions, and nationalities with advanced communication, transportation, and technology |
| cultural convergence | The tendency for cultures to become more alike as they increasingly share technology and organizational structures in a modern world united by improved transportation and communication. |
| cultural divergence | The divide in culture into different directions, usually because the two cultures have become so dissimilar |
| Political maps | Maps displaying territorial features such as cities, states, and countries and their boundaries |
| Physical maps | Maps showing the natural features of a place such as mountains, waterbodies, plains, etc |
| Thematic maps | Maps that portray the geographic pattern of a particular subject matter (temperature, language, population, etc) for a given geographic area |
| Canals | Man made waterways |
| Reservoirs | Areas of stored water |
| Irrigation | Water used for farming |
| deforestation | Removal of all trees from an area |
| Desertification | The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture. |
| HDI (Human Development Index) | A list of countries ranked according to data on their life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators |
| HDI 0.0-0.54 | Less developed country and rapid growth pyramid |
| HDI 0.55-0.69 | Newly industrializing country and slow/stable growth pyramid |
| HDI 0.7-1.0 | More developed country and negative/declining growth pyramid |
| Economic indicator | A statistic used to gauge future trends (level of development) in a nations economy |
| Infant mortality | The number of babies who die before they turn 1 for every 1000 live births |
| Literacy rate | The percentage of people 15 and over who can read and write a simple sentence |
| Life expectancy | How long the average person is expected to live |
| Urban percentage | The percentage of the population who live in big towns or cities |
| Income per capita GDP | The average income of everyone in the country (not an actual accurate number, it's the total divided by population) |
Created by:
Sammygaga
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