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CHA Skeletal System
NCFE Health and Fitness
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Axial | located in the upper central part of the body |
| Appendicular | Located in the extremities of the body |
| Bones in the body | 206 |
| Bones in the Axial | 80 |
| Bones in the Appendicular | 126 |
| Protection | Protects vital organs |
| Shape | Gives shape to the body and makes you tall or short |
| Support | Holds your vital organs in place when playing sport |
| Movement | Muscles are attached to bones, which are jointed |
| Blood Production | Red blood cells (to carry oxygen) and white blood cells (to protect against infection) are produced in the bone marrow of some bones |
| Mineral Storage | Calcium keeps bones strong |
| Long | These bones are longer than they are wide. Their primary function is for gross movement and leverage. |
| Short | These bones are as wide as they are long Their primary function is for fine movement, stability and support. |
| Flat | These bones provide a broad flat surface Their primary function is for protection and provide a large surface for muscle attachment. |
| Irregular | Example of this is the vertebral column |
| Sesamoid | Their function is to relieve stress on tendons and muscles |
| Fixed Joints | Are immoveable and their function is for protection e.g. cranium, pelvis |
| Slightly Moveable | This joint is located in the vertebral column |
| Synovial | Are freely moveable joints |
| Joint | A joint is where 2 or more bones meet. |
| How many Synovial Joints are there? | 6 |
| Pivot joint | Has a ring of bone that fits over a pivoting bone. Pivot joints allow rotation only. |
| Condyloid joint | Here bones slide over the top of each other. They allow small movements in all directions |
| Saddle joint | The thumb forms a saddle joint where one of the bones forming the joint is shaped like a saddle with the other bone resting on it, like a rider on a horse. The joint allows the thumb to move towards the fingers. |
| Gliding joint | Allow some movement which is limited. These include side to side and back and forth between flat surfaces of the bones in the joint |
| Ball and socket joint | The rounded end of a bone fits inside a cup-shaped end |
| Hinge joint | Only allow forwards and backwards (flexion and extension) movement like the hinge on a door |
| Flexion | Decreasing the angle at a joint. (Bending the joint) |
| Extension | Increasing the angle at a joint. (Straightening the joint) |
| Adduction | is to ADD towards the midline. |
| Abduction | to TAKE AWAY from the midline. |
| Rotation | The joint moves in a circular motion. e.g. Service action or bowling action |
| Joint capsule | surrounds the joint, consists of an outer and inner layer |
| Synovial fluid | lubricates the joint preventing friction. |
| ACL | The anterior cruciate ligament |
| PCL | The posterior cruciate ligament |
| LCL | The lateral collateral ligament |
| MCL | The medial collateral ligament |
| Tendon | Attaches muscle to bone |
| Cervical | 7 vertebrae's |
| Thoracic | 12 vertebrae's |
| Lumbar | 5 vertebrae's |
| Sacrum | 5 fused vertebrae's |
| Coccyx | 3-4 fused vertebrae's |
| Posture | is a term used to describe a position of the body or the arrangements of body parts relative to one another |
| Lordosis | Also called swayback, the spine of a person with lordosis curves significantly inward at the lower back |
| Kyphosis | Kyphosis is characterized by an abnormally rounded upper back (more than 50 degrees of curvature |
| Scoliosis | A person with scoliosis has a sideways curve to their spine. The curve is often S-shaped or C-shaped |
Created by:
MissGriffithsPE
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