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History 202 Exam 2
Hoskins- Chapers 20-23
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Grover Cleveland | reform governor from New York who had built a reputation by attacking machine politics in New York City. reform president in terms of business regulation and tariffs |
| Sherman Anti-Trust Act | sought to prohibit business monopolies as “conspiracies in restraint of trade,” but it was seldom enforced during the first decade of its existence |
| People's (Populist) party | a new, third party that wanted the government to be more involved on behalf of the people. |
| Lincoln Steffens | explored corruption in city politics, or, like Ray Stannard Baker, researched unsafe working conditions and low pay in the coal mines |
| Hepburn Act | strengthened the position of the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate railroad prices. |
| Upton Sinclair | Wrote "The Jungle" to expose the meatpacking industry, which prompted Roosevelt's Meat Inspection Act of 1906 |
| Carrie Chapman Catt | president of the National American Women Suffrage Movement, brought organizational skills and planned to win states over one at a time |
| Jingos | Described people w. lots of patriotism. |
| Yellow Journalism | competed for readership with sensationalistic stories. These publishers, and many others who printed news stories for maximum drama and effect, knew that war would provide sensational copy. |
| Great White Fleet | described as a goodwill tour, the message to the Japanese government regarding American interests was equally clear. Subsequent negotiations reinforced the Open Door policy |
| Dollar Diplomacy | American investments in weak foreign countries to help their economy and give the US a good look. |
| Teller Amendment | stated that the United States would not annex Cuba following the war, appeasing those who opposed expansionism. |
| "New Freedom" | Woodrow Wilson’s campaign platform for the 1912 election that called for a small federal government to protect public interests from the evils associated with bad businesses |
| Zimmerman Telegram | top-secret telegram from German foreign minister Arthur Zimmermann to the German ambassador to Mexico, instructing the latter to invite Mexico to join the war effort on the German side, should the United States declare war on Germany |
| Liberty Bonds | bonds bought by Americans from the American gov. to raise money to fund the war |
| War Industries Board | Created by Wilson and run by Bernard Baruch, had the power to direct shipments of raw materials, as well as to control government contracts with private producers. |
| Food Administration | encouraged volunteer rationing by invoking patriotism. the idea to eat less and produce more. |
| Selective Service Act | required all men aged twenty-one through thirty to register for the draft, expanded to include all men between eighteen and forty-five |
| Armistice | an agreement to end the war permanently |
| Schenck v. U.S. | went to the U.S. Supreme Court to challenge the constitutionality of the Espionage and Sedition Acts. The court ruled that during a time of war, the federal government was justified in passing such laws to quiet dissenters |
| Central Powers | also known as the Triple Alliance, included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire |
| Allied Nations | Brittan, France, Russia, Italy, Serbia |
| Political issues of late 1800s | -patronage v. civil service -higher or lower tariffs? -gold v. silver coinage backing -veteran benefits |
| Farmers' Problems | -Farm prices went steadily down because of overproduction -Expenses went up because of increasing tariffs -Farmers were in debt, banks were charging higher rates for loans |
| Populist reform ideas | -income taxes -direct election of senators -secret ballot -8 hour day -gov. controlled RR -unlimited silver coinage |
| 17th Amendment | Direct election of US senators |
| 18th Amendment | Prohibition. Drinking was seen as dirty and a signal that someone was lower-class. Successful during Progressive Era |
| Wobblies | Radical industrial union that used strikes to provoke changes |
| 19th Amendment | Extended voting rights to women |
| 16th Amendment | graduated income tax |
| Treaty of Paris of 1898 | -Cuba was given independence (teller amendment) -Puerto Rico and Guam became US territories |
| Open Door policy | the idea that the US would have permission to trade any city |
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