Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
soc-s 100 exam 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| significant symbol | a gesture (usually a vocal gesture) that calls out in the individual making the gesture the same (i.e functionally identical) response that is called out in others to whom the gesture is directed |
| sociology | the study of societies and the social worlds that individuals inhabit within them. looks at the interaction between individuals and society, and society and individuals |
| society | a large group of people who live in the same area and participate in a common culture |
| agency | our actions and decisions in the world as individuals |
| social structure | things that exist outside our control that exert a force on our lives |
| the sociological imagination | the capacity to think systematically about how many things we experience as personal problems are really social issues that are widely shared by others born in similar time and social location as us |
| institution | a set of enduring customs of social life, like religion or the "institution of marriage", as well as longstanding formal organizations like government agencies or schools |
| breaching experiment | an experiment that seeks to examine people's reactions to violations of commonly accepted social rules or norms |
| two revolutions? | the french revolution and the industrial revolution |
| epistemology | what we think we can know about the world |
| empiricism | a branch of epistemology that holds that knowledge comes from sensory experience (observation) |
| elements of an empirical study? | theory and hypothesis |
| theory | a statement of how and why specific facts are related |
| hypothesis | a testable prediction |
| the three functional perspectives of sociology? | functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism |
| functionalism | views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability |
| conflict theory | views social structures as arising through conflict between opposing parties. conflict theorists focus on the ways groups dominate, control, or resist other groups |
| symbolic interactionism | views society as a process shaped and constructed through interactions between individuals, groups, and institutions |
| quantitative methods? | experiment and survey |
| qualitative methods? | in depth interviews and ethnography |
| experimental research | a research method for investigating cause and effect under highly controlled conditions |
| limitations of experiments | very controlled sterile setting WEIRD (western education industrialized rich democracy tricky to experiment with people why theory is important |
| ethnography | a research method in which investigators observe people while joining them in their routine activities. looks at what people say and how they behave |
| typification | a process of creating a standard (typical) social construction based on standard assumptions |
| object | something on which attention or action is focused |
| social construction of reality | the interactive process by which knowledge is produced and codified, making it specific to a certain group or society |
| social construct | an interpreted social phenomenon that was invented by individuals and is shaped by the social forces present in the time and place of its creation |
| the definition of the situation | the process of sense-making required to determine how one should act and to predict how others may act |
| impression management | a process through which we use (consciously or subconsciously) influence the perceptions of others by regulating and controlling the information we give off in social interaction |
| expressions given | expressions that one gives in order to intentionally convey information |
| expressions given off | expressions that one gives off as a byproduct of behavior presumably exhibited for reasons other than conveying information |
| front stage | a region where one's performance (behavior) is open to judgement by those who observe it |
| back stage | a region where actors can discuss, polish, or refine their performance without revealing themselves to their audience |
| self | an organized, stable sense of who you are |
| the three elements to the self concept? | the imagination of our appearance to another person the imagination of their judgement to that appearance some sort of self-feeling, such as pride or mortification |
| the "I" | the acting subject whose attention is focused on taking actions (AKA the agentic self) |
| the "me" | the "me" is the object of one's own actions, with attention focused on one's own real or imagined actions in the eyes of others |
| generalized other | an organized and generalized attitude of a social group |
| the internal dialogue | the conversations that we have with ourselves in our minds, both verbal (when your thoughts take the shape of words) and non-verbal (when they are just feelings and attitudes) |
| stages in the development of self? | preparatory stage, play stage, game stage |
| preparatory stage | occurs around ages 2 or below. during this stage, children begin to imitate the people around them |
| role taking | the process of mentally assuming the perspective of another and responding from that imagined viewpoint |
| play stage | children begin to develop skills in communication through symbols, taking their first steps into role-taking. occurs between the ages of 2 and 6 |
| significant other | those persons who are of sufficient importance in an individual's life to affect the individual's emotions, behavior, and sense of self |
| game stage | children of about 8 or 9 consider several actual tasks and relationships simultaneously |
| culture | the values, norms, and material goods characteristic of a given group |
| culture shock | the disorientation experiences when coming into contact with a fundamentally different culture |
| material culture | includes physical objects that members of a society create, use, and share and that influence the ways in which people live |
| non-material culture | made up of the shared set of meanings that people in a society use to interpret and understand the world |
| values | our ideas of what is worthy of seeking in life, what is good or bad, and what is beautiful and ugly |
| norms | more specific rules and expectations that arise out of our values and tell us what we should, ought, and must do |
| four types of norms? | folkways, mores, taboos, laws |
| folkways | norms that are not strictly enforced and not seen as critical for society's survival |
| mores | norms that are seen as essential to our core values, which must be conformed to to protect the moral order |
| laws | norms that are defined by a political authority that has the power to punish violators |
| taboos | norms that are so strongly ingrained that even the though of their violation are greeted with revulsion |
| capital | a factor of production that is not wanted for itself but for its ability to help produce other goods |
| economic capital | economic resources such as money or property that can be exchanged or leveraged to obtain other goods |
| forms of capital? | economic capital, social capital, symbolic capital, cultural capital, human capital |
| symbolic capital | the resources available to an individual on the basis of honor, prestige, or recognition |
| social capital | opportunities or resources gained through the networks to which one belongs |
| cultural capital | cultural signals, such as education, ways of speaking, or taste in art that offer a person access to status or power |
| nomos | an individual's fundamental assumptions about how the universe works, its purpose, and its order |
| nomization | the process of creating a stable definition of purpose and direction in the universe |
| egoistic suicide | arises from a lack of integration within a community. prevalent among unmarried males |
| altruistic suicide | arises when one is overwhelmed by the goals and needs of a group. rare, except when individuals must sacrifice themselves for the benefit of their group (soldiers) |
| fatalistic suicide | arises from too much regulation. occurs in overly oppressive societies. |
| anomic suicide | arises from a lack of regulation, from moral confusion. can come from both good and bad fortune |
| anomie | a condition in which society provides little moral guidance to individuals |
| doxa | the learned, fundamental, deep founded, unconscious beliefs, and values, that are taken as self-evident universals within a society |
| the sphere of opinion | the universe of things that may be openly contested and discussed |
| orthodoxy | the position held by those who wish to return to the original doxa, in which a belief, truth, or way of life was taken for granted |
| heterodoxy | the position held by those who want to move away from the old doxa towards a new belief or way of life |
| two categories of objects? | sacred and profane |
| sacred | those things that are worthy of awe and special treatment and are not mundane or everyday parts of life |
| profane | things not devoted to holy or religious purposes; unconsecrated; secular |
Created by:
imflores
Popular Social Studies sets