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Federalist Period
VUS.6 Washington-Madison
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why did political parties develop? | Debate over Hamilton's financial plan and the creation of the National Bank |
| Who were the leaders of the Federalist Party? | John Adams and Alexander Hamilton |
| What did the Federalist party support? | a strong national government and an industrial economy |
| What type of people supported the Federalist Party? | bankers and those with business interests in the Northeast |
| Who were the leaders of the Democratic-Republican Party? | Thomas Jefferson and James Madison |
| What did the Democratic-Republican party support? | a weak national government and agrarian economy |
| What type of people supported the Democratic-Republicans? | farmers, artisans and frontier settlers in the south |
| What is significant about the election of 1800 and who won? | Thomas Jefferson; first presidential election in which power was peacefully transferred from one political party to another |
| Who purchased the Louisiana Territory from France and what impact did it have on the United States? | Thomas Jefferson; doubled the size of the United States |
| Who was sent to explore the Louisiana Purchase? | Lewis and Clark |
| Who was Sacajawea? | an Indian woman who served as the guide and translator for Lewis and Clark |
| What countries fought in the War of 1812? | United States and Britain |
| Why did the United States go to war with Britain? | Great Britain was interfering with U.S. shipping and encouraging Native American attacks on western frontier |
| Which political party opposed the War of 1812? | Federalists |
| Which president issued the declaration of war against Britain in 1812? | James Madison |
| What was the result of the War of 1812? | America claimed the Oregon Territory and there was increased migration of American settlers into Florida |
| Who was the first Secretary of State? | Thomas Jefferson |
| Who was the first Secretary of Treasury? | Alexander Hamilton |
| What is a strict interpretation of the Constitution? | a belief held by Democratic-Republicans that the powers of the national government are strictly defined by the Constitution |
| What is a loose interpretation of the Constitution? | a belief held by the Federalists that the powers of the national government should be broad and implied |
| What is the Elastic Clause of the Constitution? | A clause supporting implied powers by stating Congress can "make all laws which shall be necessary and proper" |
| What was the most important provision of Jay's Treaty? | Great Britain agreed to leave forts in the Ohio Valley |
| What was the most important provision of Pinckney's Treaty? | Reinforcement of the boundary between Spain and the United States and access to the lower Mississippi River |
| What was the XYZ Affair? | France asked the US for a bribe and resulted in an undeclared war with France during John Adams' presidency |
| Who was the most important chief justice of the Supreme Court during the early years of the United States? | John Marshall |
| How did the Supreme Court strengthen under the leadership of John Marshall? | The judicial branch became an independent and equal branch of government |
| What is judicial review? | power of the courts to declare a law unconstitutional |
| what were the three important cases decided by the Supreme Court during Marshall's time as Chief Justice? | Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, Gibbons v. Ogden |
| What precedent was established in Marbury v. Madison? | Judicial Review |
| What precedent was established in McCulloch v. Maryland? | Congress possesses implied powers and the national government remains superior to state governments |
| What precedent was established in Gibbons v. Ogden? | The federal government has complete control over interstate commerce |
| What is impressment? | The British practice of drafting sailors by force that led to the War of 1812 |
| Who were the War Hawks? | Southern and western congressmen who wanted war with Great Britain |
| What region of the United States opposed war with Great Britain? | New England |
| What did Federalists in New England propose at the Hartford Convention but fail to accomplish? | constitutional amendments and secession |
| What was the result of the Federalist criticism of the War of 1812? | Federalist Party collapsed |
| Which future president gained popularity after his victory at the Battle of New Orleans? | Andrew Jackson |
| What treaty officially ended the War of 1812? | The Treaty of Ghent |
| What three things did Washington warn the nation of in his farewell address? | Avoid sectionalism, political parties and involvement in foreign affairs |
| What are the Alien and Sedition Acts? | Laws passed by John Adams aimed at reducing the power of Democratic-Republican opponents by making voter registration difficult and making it illegal to speak poorly about the government |
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