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guided reading 2.1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the three reasons that the study of population is especially important? | 1) more ppl are alive rn than any other time 2) virtually all pop. growth is concentrated in DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 3) the worlds pop. increased at a higher rate in the second half of the 20th century than ever before (slowed in 21st, still fast tho) |
| what is carrying capacity? | the max pop. size of a species that the env can sustain indefinitely |
| what two factors affect the ability of the land to sustain human life? | 1) characteristics of the natural env 2) human actions that modify the env through agriculture, industry, and exploitation of raw materials |
| what is overpopulation? | occurs when the # of ppl exceeds the capacity of the env to support life at a decent standard of living |
| how is the concept of overpopulation affected by scale? | geographers find that overpopulation is a threat to some regions of the world but not in others high pop. ≠ overpopulation |
| what is demography ? | the scientific study of population characteristics |
| rubenstein states that 2/3 of the worlds pop is clustered in what four regions ? | east asia south asia europe southeast asia |
| what are 3 significant concentrations of populations (BESIDES the four main ones)? | west coast of africa east coast of africa northeastern US + southeastern canada |
| in what four types of physical envs do humans avoid clustering? | too dry too wet too cold too mountainous |
| what is ecumene? | the portion of the earths surface occupied by permanent settlement |
| what has happened to the ecumene over time? | it has increased |
| on what percentage of the earths surface do 3/4 of the pop live? | 5% |
| arithmetic (or population) density definition + implication (what it tells you abt an area) | def : total # of ppl within an area implication : good for the where question + comparing the urban, suburban, rural, and other population concepts |
| physiological density definition + implication (what it tells you abt an area) | def : the # of ppl per unit of arable land *what is arable land? land suited for agriculture implication : the capacity of the land to yield enough food for the needs of the ppl |
| what concept is physiological density helpful in assessing ? | carrying capacity/overpopulation |
| agricultural density definition + implication (what it tells you abt an area) | def : the # of farmers to the amount of arable land implication : developed = low agri. density cuz tech and finance allow for fewer farmers developing = high agri. density, most farming done by hand, many farmers needed to provide for population |
| crude birth rate (CBR) | the total # of live births in a year for every 1,000 ppl alive in a society |
| crude death rate (CDR) | the total # of deaths in a year for ever 1,000 ppl that live in a society |
| why is CDR higher in wealthier countries? | high elderly populations |
| natural increase rate (NIR) or natural rate of increase (NRI) | the % by which a pop grows in a year |
| what does NIR exclude ? | migration |
| where is 95% of pop growth clustered | developing countries |
| when did NIR reach its global peak and what was that rate? | 1960s, 2.17 |
| doubling time | the number of years needed to double a pop |
| what must remain consistent for doubling time to be accurate | the NIR |
| total fertility rate (TFR) | the average # of children a women without throughout her child bearing years (≈15-49) |
| what is the replacement rate and what TFR number does it correspond to? | the TFR needed to keep a population stable without immigration = 2.1 TFR |
| what does IMR reflect? | the quality of a country’s healthcare systems |
| why is maternal mortality rate (MMR) higher in the US than in other developed countries? | the difficulty of low income ppl to access healthcare |
| zero pop growth (ZPG) aka stationary pop level (SPL) | CBR = CDR AND NIR approaches zero |
| dependency ratio | the # of ppl too old (>65) of too young (<15) go work compared to in productive years (15-65) |
| why is a larger dependency ratio a problem? | the greater the financial burden on those working to support those who don’t |
| what other measure describes the number of old ppl in a society (besides dependency ratio) | aging index # of ppl >65 / 100 children >15 |
| sex ratio | # of males per 100 females in a pop |
| what is the standard biological sex ratio | 105 males : 100 females |
Created by:
iriskae
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