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Sociology Exam
Unit 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Comte | Founder of Sociology - Positivism |
| Durkheim | Structural functionalism- Solidarity (Social integration) |
| Merton | Structural functionalist- latent and manifest functions |
| Marx | Conflict- bourgeoisie and the proletariat |
| Weber | Conflict- Protestant work ethic |
| Cooley | Symbolic interactionism- Looking glass self |
| Goffman | Symbolic interactionism- dramaturgy |
| Addams | Social movements- co founder of American civil liberties union |
| Piaget | Most well known for his theories of cognitive development |
| Kohlberg | Moral psychology |
| Harlow | Dependency and social isolation |
| Variable | Proponent of a study, whether dependent or independent. |
| Hypothesis | A supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. |
| Reliability | The degree to which the result of a measurement, calculation, or specification can be depended on to be accurate |
| Validity | The extent to which a concept, conclusion or measurement is accurately portrayed “operationalized” in the real world |
| Conflict | class conflict and division over productions |
| structural functionalism | institutions influence on people (moral, religious, laws) |
| symbolic interactionism | looks at symbols and language to how it connects between people |
| Sociological perspective | Seeing the broader social context |
| macro | society view |
| meso | larger groups and group dynamics ex. business interactions |
| micro | person to person |
| Sub culture | A world within the dominant culture |
| Counterculture | Group with norms and values at odds with the dominant culture |
| Ideals | A principal standard |
| Values | What is desirable in life |
| Norms | Expectations or rules for behavior |
| Sanctions | Reactions to following or breaking norms |
| Folkways | norms not strictly enforced “Can be cultural” |
| Mores | Norms which are enforced |
| Taboo | Norms which are extremely enforced. |
| _____ has embedded within it ways of looking at the world | Sapir Whorf Hypothesis Language |
| Ethnocentric | evaluating other peoples and cultures according to the standards of one's own culture. |
| agents of socialization | family, neighborhood, school |
| Meads 3 stages of development | preparatory, play, game |
| 1: perforation stage 2. play just play not set rules | don't know rules or anything just do things |
| 2. play | just play not set rules |
| 3. game stage | formed a self of generalized other follow set rules |
| social class | -relies on income, occupational prestige, education -can vary |
| social status | -Position one occupies and guides how to act or feel |
| roles | obligations and behaviors linked to a status |
| Role Conflict | role vs roles ex. wanting to go to friends party (be a good friend) or study for a hard test (student |
| role strain | role vs itself ex. being a student want wanting to do well but also dont want to make other students feel bad |
| social institutions | family, education, religion, government, business, media |
| gemeinschaft (intimate) | connection with others |
| gesellschaft (impersonal) | -at coffee shop w people around but don't interact -individuality and freedom |
| goffman dramaturgy | we are all actors in our social world |
| founder of sociology | comte |
| structural functionalism | durkheim and merton |
| conflict theory | marx and weber |
| symbolic interactionism | cooley and goffman |
| self fulfilling stereotypes | changes behavior to fit someone else’s specific role for yourself to confirm their stereotype |