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Sociology Exam
Unit 1
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Comte | Founder of Sociology - Positivism |
Durkheim | Structural functionalism- Solidarity (Social integration) |
Merton | Structural functionalist- latent and manifest functions |
Marx | Conflict- bourgeoisie and the proletariat |
Weber | Conflict- Protestant work ethic |
Cooley | Symbolic interactionism- Looking glass self |
Goffman | Symbolic interactionism- dramaturgy |
Addams | Social movements- co founder of American civil liberties union |
Piaget | Most well known for his theories of cognitive development |
Kohlberg | Moral psychology |
Harlow | Dependency and social isolation |
Variable | Proponent of a study, whether dependent or independent. |
Hypothesis | A supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. |
Reliability | The degree to which the result of a measurement, calculation, or specification can be depended on to be accurate |
Validity | The extent to which a concept, conclusion or measurement is accurately portrayed “operationalized” in the real world |
Conflict | class conflict and division over productions |
structural functionalism | institutions influence on people (moral, religious, laws) |
symbolic interactionism | looks at symbols and language to how it connects between people |
Sociological perspective | Seeing the broader social context |
macro | society view |
meso | larger groups and group dynamics ex. business interactions |
micro | person to person |
Sub culture | A world within the dominant culture |
Counterculture | Group with norms and values at odds with the dominant culture |
Ideals | A principal standard |
Values | What is desirable in life |
Norms | Expectations or rules for behavior |
Sanctions | Reactions to following or breaking norms |
Folkways | norms not strictly enforced “Can be cultural” |
Mores | Norms which are enforced |
Taboo | Norms which are extremely enforced. |
_____ has embedded within it ways of looking at the world | Sapir Whorf Hypothesis Language |
Ethnocentric | evaluating other peoples and cultures according to the standards of one's own culture. |
agents of socialization | family, neighborhood, school |
Meads 3 stages of development | preparatory, play, game |
1: perforation stage 2. play just play not set rules | don't know rules or anything just do things |
2. play | just play not set rules |
3. game stage | formed a self of generalized other follow set rules |
social class | -relies on income, occupational prestige, education -can vary |
social status | -Position one occupies and guides how to act or feel |
roles | obligations and behaviors linked to a status |
Role Conflict | role vs roles ex. wanting to go to friends party (be a good friend) or study for a hard test (student |
role strain | role vs itself ex. being a student want wanting to do well but also dont want to make other students feel bad |
social institutions | family, education, religion, government, business, media |
gemeinschaft (intimate) | connection with others |
gesellschaft (impersonal) | -at coffee shop w people around but don't interact -individuality and freedom |
goffman dramaturgy | we are all actors in our social world |
founder of sociology | comte |
structural functionalism | durkheim and merton |
conflict theory | marx and weber |
symbolic interactionism | cooley and goffman |
self fulfilling stereotypes | changes behavior to fit someone else’s specific role for yourself to confirm their stereotype |