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AP Human Vocab 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cartography | The science of making maps |
| GIScience | The development and analysis of data about Earth aquired through staelite and other electronic info tech |
| GIS | A computer system that stores, organizes, and displays geographic data |
| GPS | A system that determines the precise position of something on earth through a series of satelites tracking stations and recievers |
| GMT | The time in the zone encompassing the prime meridian or ) latitude |
| International Date Line | An arce that follows 180 longitude although it changes in several places toward dividing land areas. If cross line east moves back a day is cross west moves ahead. |
| Latitude | Numbering system used to indicate parallels measuring North & South of equator |
| Longitude | Numbering system used to indicate meridians measuring East and West of prime meridian |
| Map | Two-dimensional or flat representation of earth's surface or a portion nof it |
| Map scale | Relationship between size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on earths surface |
| Meridian | An arc drawn on a map between the North and South poles |
| Parallel | A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles of the meridians |
| Prime meridian | meridian designated as 0 longitude that passes through royal observatory at Greenwhich England |
| Projection | A system used to transfer locations from earth's surface to a flat map |
| Remote sensing | A system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map |
| Photogrammy | The process of making surveys and maps through the use of photographs especially aerial photographs |
| Geotagging | A piece of data embedded in digital media file to indicate geographical info about the subject usually latitude & longitude |
| Ratio or fraction scale | numerical ratios between distance on maps and earth's surface 1:24,000 |
| Written scale | describes realtionshios between map and earth with words 1 in. = 1 mile |
| Graphic scale | bar line marked to show distance on earth. Put ruler on map, the put that measurment on bat the # it's on is the length on earth. |
| Refrence map | Maps that show where something is in space |
| Physical refrence map | displays landforms, coastlines, waterways, etc. |
| Political refrence map | Political boundaries, settlements, transportation, networks, etc. |
| Thematic map | Maps that tell a story about a place or show a certain theme |
| Chloropleth | Maps with area shaded or partterned in proprtion of a measurment to a statistical variable (thematic) |
| Dot | Show the prescence of a quantity of a phenomena (thematic) |
| Graduated symbol | Maps that use symbols that are scaled proportionally to the value of a phenomena (thematic) |
| Isoline | Maps that show lines that join points of equal value (thematic) |
| Cartogram | Maps in which geometry or a size of a reagion is distorted in order to convey some variable (thematic) |
| Cultural Landscape | The fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group |
| Culture | The body of customary beliefs, social forms, & material traits that together constitue a groups distinct tradition |
| Formal Region | An area in which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics (Uniform region) |
| Functional Region | An area organized around a node or focal point (Nodal region) |
| Location | The position of anything on earth's surface |
| Mental Map | A portion of earths surface based on what an indiviual knows about a place, contaning personal impressions |
| Region | An area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features |
| Regional studies | An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationship among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area |
| Site | The physical character of a place |
| Situation | The location of a place relative to another place |
| Toponym | The name given to a portion of earth's surface |
| Vernacular region | An area that people believe exsists as part of their cultural identity (Perceptual region) |
| Concentration | The spread of something over a given area |
| Connection | Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space |
| Contagious diffusion | The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population |
| Density | The frequency with which something exsists within a given unit area |
| Diffusion | The spread of a feature from one place to another over time |
| Distance Decay | The diminishing importance & eventual disappearance of a phenomena with increasing distance from it's orgin |
| Distribution | The arrangment of something across earth's surface |
| Expansion diffusion | The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in additive process |
| Globalization | Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope |
| Hearth | The region from which innovative ideas originate |
| Hiearchial diffusion | The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority power to other people or places. |
| Network | A chain of communication that connects places |
| Pattern | The geometric or reuglar arrangment of something in a study area |
| Relocation diffusion | The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another |
| Scale | Generally the realtionship between the portion of earth being studied and earth as a whole |
| Space | They physical gap or interval between two topics |
| Space time compression | The reduction in time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communication and transportation systems |
| Stimulus Diffusion | The spread of an underlying principle even though a specific characteristic is rejected |
| Transnational corporation | A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries not just where the headquarters or shareholders are. |
| Uneven development | The increasing gap in economic conditions between core an periphery regions as a result of globalization of the economy. |
| Abiotic | composed of nonliving or inorganic matter |
| Atmosphere | The layer of gases surrounding earth |
| Biosphere | All living organisms on earth inlcuding, plants, animals, and microganisms |
| Biotic | composed of living organisms |
| Climate | the long term average weather condition at a particular location |
| Conservation | the sustatinable managment of a natural resource |
| cultural ecology | a geographic approach that emphasizes human-environmental relationships |
| ecology | the scientific study of ecosytems |
| ecosystem | a group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they interact |
| environmental determinism | belief that geography is the study of how the physical environment caused human activities |
| hydrosphere | all of the water on and near earth's surface |
| lithosphere | earth's crust and a portion of upper mantel directly below the crust |
| nonrenewable resource | something produced in nature more slowly than it is consumed by humans |
| polder | land crafted by the dutch by draining water from an area |
| possibillism | people are able to adjust to the physical environment and will take an alternate course to get what they need |
| preservation | the maintenance of resources in their present condition with as little human impact as possible |
| renewable resource | something produced in nature more rapidly than it is consumed by humans |
| resource | a substance in the environment that is useful |
| sustainability | the use of earths renewable and nonrenewable resources in ways that do not constrain resource us in the future. |
Created by:
kar0707
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