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STANDARD 11
US HISTORY STANDARD 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Industrial Revolution | The Gilded Age 1870-1890 |
| Laissez-Faire | French phrase meaning "let people do as they choose |
| Entrepreneurs | People who risk their own money in organizing and running a business |
| Alexander Graham Bell | Came up with the idea of the TELEPHONE in 1874 |
| Thomas Edison | ***"The Wizard of Menlo Park" ****the greatest inventor of the 1800s ****invented the 1st Phonograph audio recorder, rechargeable battery, and the ELECTRIC LIGHT BULB |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | THE COMMODORE ***was first a boat captain who built the largest steamboat fleet in the US ***purchased and merged 3 short New York (NY) railroads to form New York Central Railroad |
| robbers barons | Great wealth acquired by entrepreneurs led to accusations that they built fortunes swindling and cheating |
| Andrew Carnegie | dominated the iron and steel industries |
| John D. Rockerfeller | dominated the oil industry with his STANDARD OIL COMPANY **used ruthless tactics to buy out competing companies |
| horizontal integration | when companies (like Standard Oil) buy similar companies to reduce competition |
| Vertical Integration | when companies (like Carnegie Steel) buy companies in order to gain materials needed to make or deliver their products |
| Monopolies | Giant companies that control the majority of an industry **also known as TRUSTS |
| Immigration | From 1820-1921 a record 23 million immigrants arrived in the US looking for jobs and ** U.S. did not have quotas (limits) on how many immigrants from a |
| Quotas | limits |
| Ellis Island | immigration center where 75 % of all immigrants entered the USA |
| urbanization | **city growth rural Americans moved to cities immigrants entered the USA |
| sky scrapers | engineering innovations that led to modern American cities **tall buildings **as cities grew, and the price of land increased, buildings grew upward instead of outward |
| the Home Insurance Building in Chicago Illinois | the first structure to be called a skyscraper |
| tenements | low rent apartments, in the poorest parts of town called slums; where most urban immigrants lived |
| child labor | rapid growing industries used child labor because it was cheap labor |
| labor Unions | organizations joined by workers in response to the low wages, long hours, and dangerous working conditions to collectively bargain for improvements |
| Knights of Labor | one of the first labor unions; was open to all workers regardless of race , gender or skill |
| American Federation of Labor (AFL) | the most successful union led by Samuel Gompers; used skilled workers but used collective bargaining to gain better pay, shorter hours, and better working conditions |
| strikes | tactics used by unions to stop production in order to force management to accept union demands |
| Haymarket Strike | Unionists demanded an 8 hour day ; violence broke out and they were viewed as "un-American" |
| Homestead strike | violent strike at Carnegie Steel Plant ; Federal troops were called to reopen the plant with replacement workers |
| pullman strike | national strike when Pullman Palace company cut wages by 50% ; President Cleveland sent the army to end the strike |
Created by:
trenicetaylor
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