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Unit 3
Ancient India and Ancient China Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro | Two cities along the Indus River with highly organized city plans. The people suddenly disappeared and no one knows what happened to them. |
| Raja | An Indian prince (Leader of Indian tribes) |
| Sanskrit | The first written language of India. |
| Vedas and Epics | Ancient writings of India considered the holy books of Hinduism |
| Caste system | An Indian social class system whose members are restricted in the jobs they take and the people they interact with. A person is born into the social class. |
| Hinduism | A major world religion that developed in India; the religion believes in many gods. It is still practiced today all over the world. |
| Reincarnation | The rebirth of the soul into another form or body. |
| Karma | A force that decides the form that people will be reborn into in their next lives; what goes around, comes around is often the phrase used to describe it. |
| Dharma | A person’s personal duty, based on the individual’s place in society. |
| Aryans | Founders of Hinduism |
| Buddhism | A religion founded in India by the religious teacher Buddha. It believes people need to reach a state of nirvana to not suffer in life. |
| Nirvana | A state of perfect happiness and peace. |
| Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) | Founder of Buddhism |
| Four Noble Truths | The four central beliefs that contain the essence of Buddhist teaching. |
| Eightfold Path | The path to nirvana; has eight aspects: right views, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration. |
| Silk Road | Silk Road - An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 4,000 miles and linking China with the Roman Empire. |
| Ideograph | A symbol in a writing system that represents a thing or an idea. |
| Warring States | A time period in China with fighting over land between the Zhou and Qin dynasty. |
| Confucius | A philosopher who lived in China that believed in putting community and family first before the individual. |
| Confucianism | A system of beliefs based on the teachings of Confucius. |
| Daoism | A philosophy that believed in creating a balance with nature. (Yin and Yang) |
| Legalism | A Chinese philosophy that stressed the importance of laws. |
| Filial piety | The responsibility children have to respect, obey, and care for their parents. Ancestor worship. |
| Great Wall of China | Architectural achievement created to keep the Mongol out of China. Can be seen from outer space. |
| Acupuncture | Originally, a Chinese practice of inserting fine needles through the skin at specific points to treat disease or relieve pain |
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