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HISTORY STANDARD 8
U.S. History standard 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Manifest Destiny | Westward expansion acquiring all lands from the Atlantic to the Pacific |
| Reasons for Manifest Destiny | 1. Jefferson's Louisiana Purchase 2. Lewis and Clark's exploration of the west 3. Growth of King Cotton 4. Improved transportation (canals, railroads, steamboats, 5. population grew 6. increase in # of states 7. west state population grew |
| Treaty of Fort Laramie | created Indian Territory but was ignored by whites moving west |
| the Oregon Trail | a route that led farmers to fertile lands of Oregon |
| Santa Fe Trail | a route that allowed U.S to sell goods to Mexico |
| Missouri Compromise of 1820 | Missouri became a slave state and Maine was a free state |
| Sam Houston | led Texans in capturing Santa Anna and winning independence from Mexico became 1st president of the Republic of Texas |
| Santa Anna | Mexican president, did not like Anglos had Stephen F Austin arrested |
| James K Polk | won election of 1844 Manifest Destiney president urged congress to make Texas a state wanted to end British claim to Oregon |
| Texas was admitted to the Union in 1845 | became a slave state |
| Oregon became a | free territory in 1846 |
| What started the Mexican-American war | disagreement over territorial boarders of Texas, the U.S won |
| Mexican-American war ended | with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago |
| Mexican Cession | Mexico gave up (ceded ) territory in the southwest |
| U.S. bought the Gadson Purchase for | $10 million to build a southern railroad |
| when the Mexican - American war started California | revolted from Mexico and became an independent nation |
| California Republic was annexed by the U.S | as a part of the Mexican Cession |
| Gold found in San Francisco | led to flood of americans to california |
| "Forty Niners" | came from East, Latin America, Europe, and Asia hoping to get rich |
| King Cotton | transformed the south into a rural region with slavery and little manufacturing and few railroads |
| the economy in the south | based on cash crops: Cotton, tobacco, rice |
| Eli Whitney | invented the cotton gin which quickly removed the seeds from the cotton |
| the Cotton Gin made southern planters rich and | increased the demand for slavery |
| 3 large cities in the south | Baltimore, New Orleans, Charleston |
| Slave Codes | rules or laws for slaves. **slaves could not own property, could not leave without permission, could not learn to read or write, could not have weapons Slaves were viewed as property |
| The north region | had industrial factories, cities, paid immigrant workers, railroads and large populations |
| Sectionalism (sectional issues) | the differences between the North and South regions |
| Nullification Crisis | Tariffs divided the North and South. South believed the tariffs benefitted only the north. |
| John C Calhoun of South Carolina | attempted nullification and threatened Secession from the union |
| secession | to withdraw from |
| Nat Turner rebellion | a slave who led a rebellion against slavery. he freed slaves and killed 60 whites. |
| a result of Nat Turners rebellion was | slave owners made slave codes more severe (worse) |
| Wilmont Proviso | a law to outlaw all slaves from the Mexican Cession |
| The Free Soiler party was formed | to keep slavery from spreading west |
| The Great Compromise of 1850 | California asked to enter the union as a free state |
| Popular Sovereignty | people could vote to allow or ban slavery |
| slave trade ended in | Washington DC |
| Fugitive Slave Law | law that was created to allow southerners to recapture slaves in the north |
| Henry Clay | author; "the Great Compromiser" |
| sectionalism increased due to | 1. differences in regional economies 2. slavery 3. west expansion and entry of new states 4. growing abolitionism (movement to end slavery) |
| each time a dispute threatened the nation | a compromise was reached |
| William Lloyd Garrison | formed the American Anti-Slavery Society and published the Liberator |
| Frederick Douglas | ex slave, published the North Star |
| Grimke Sisters | revealed that some southerners opposed slavery |
| The Underground Railroad | a network of safe houses to help slaves escape to freedom |
| Harriet Tubman | made 19 trips south to lead 300 slaves to freedom through the underground railroad |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | Published Uncle Toms Cabin- depicted slavery as evil and inspired many in the North to join the abolitionist cause |
| Kansas - Nebraska act of 1854 | Law by Stephen Douglas that used Popular Sovereignty to give people the right to vote to determine if they want slavery or not **Congress repealed (ended) the Missouri Compromise |
| Republican Party | Northerners formed the republican party and became committed to the free soil movement because of the Kansas-Nebraska act |
| Bleeding Kansas | a war between Kansas and Missouri because of illegal voting to decide on slavery (the illegal vote gave Kansas - slavery) |
| Election of 1856 | first time political parties represented regions. slavery was the most important issue. Republicans lost |
| Dred Scott Decision of 1857 | Slave named Dred Scott sued for his freedom Supreme court ruled Dred Scott had no right to sue because blacks are not citizens |
| John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry | Abolitionist who led an unsuccessful raid on a federal armory in an attempt to free slaves Brown was caught and executed |
| Election of 1860 | **Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln **Democrats in the North and south were split over the issue of slavery |
| Lincoln won the election of 1860 | without a single southern vote |
| December 1860 South Carolina | **became the first state to secede from the Union (because they thought slavery would end soon) |
| 1861, more states seceded from the Union (because they thought slavery was ending soon) which resulted in | Civil War between the North and South began |
Created by:
trenicetaylor
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