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Unit 2 - Road to Rev
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 1st Continental Congress - | (1774) meeting of 56 delegates in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, delegates wrote 10 resolutions to send to the King of England |
| 2nd Continental Congress - | meeting in Philadelphia to decide how to react to Lexington-Concord, created Continental Army, chose Washington as commander of Continental Army |
| Albany Plan of Union - | a failed protection plan for the American colonies during the French and Indian War proposed by Ben Franklin |
| Benedict Arnold - | American general, felt like he was treated badly by Patriots, so switched to British side |
| benefits - | value freely gained by entering into an economic relationship |
| Boston Tea Party - | (1773) event where colonists, disguised as Native Americans, dumped 342 tea chests into Boston Harbor |
| boycott - | refuse to buy certain goods |
| Breed's Hill-Bunker Hill - | near Boston, Americans inflicted heavy casualties on British before having to retreat, Americans ran out of ammunition |
| Casualties - | soldiers killed, wounded or missing in battle. |
| Committees of Correspondence - | created in the 1760's in Massachusetts to help towns and colonies share information about resisting the new British laws |
| costs - | value freely given up by entering into an economic relationship |
| Cowpens - | took place in the South, British lose and retreat north |
| Declaratory Act - | (1766) act of Parliament repealing the Stamp Act, but asserted Parliament's authority to pass laws that were binding on the American Colonies "in all cases whatsoever" |
| Dorchester Heights - | resulted in the British evacuation of Boston |
| Duties - | taxes on imports or exports |
| Export - | trade goods leaving a country for another country |
| Fort Ticonderoga - | New York fort that was captured by Patriots, artillery taken and used by Continental Army |
| Free enterprise - | economic competition with little government control. |
| General Cornwallis - | British general who surrendered at Yorktown, ending the war |
| George Washington - | commander of American military, founding father |
| Guerilla warfare - | fighting in which soldiers/ fighters use swift hit and run tactics, ambushes, and fighting from cover against an enemy. |
| Hessians - | soldiers from Germany who were hired to help British fight the Americans |
| Import - | trade goods coming into a country |
| indentured servants - | an individual who signs a contract agreeing to work for another for a specific time in return for paying back travel to the American Colonies and living expenses |
| Intolerable Acts - | (1774) law passed by Parliament to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party and tightened government control of Boston and Massachusetts, contained (4) parts |
| John Adams - | Patriot, lawyer, spent much of Rev. War in Europe as a diplomat |
| John Paul Jones - | Patriot, navy captain, won many sea battles |
| Kosciuszko - | Polish military man who trained Patriots in army engineering skills |
| Lexington and Concord - | first of two conflicts of the American Revolution, outside of Boston on April 19, 1775, known as the "Shot Heard Round the World" |
| loose pack - | slaves given some room to turn around and not touch another person |
| Marquis de Lafayette - | French man who gave money, time, and effort to the Patriot cause, fought alongside Gen. Washington |
| Mary Ludwig Hayes (Molly Pitcher) - | Patriot, took her husband's place in battle, brought water to soldiers. |
| mercantilism - | practice of creating and maintaining wealth for the mother country by carefully controlling trade with its colonies |
| Middle Passage - | route on the Triangle of Trade transporting slaves from Africa to the Americas |
| Militia - | adult, male citizens enrolled in military service and called out for periodic drills, but serving full time only in emergencies in their colony |
| Minutemen - | colonial militia members who were ready to fight at a "minute's" notice |
| Nathan Hale - | Patriot, famous quotation "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country", captured and executed by the British for being a spy |
| natural rights - | rights that all people possess that cannot be taken away or given, among these are life, liberty, and property |
| Navigation Acts - | laws requiring all colonial trade to be taxed and pass through England before entering the colonies |
| Parliament - | British law-making body |
| Patrick Henry - | Virginia politician, "Give me liberty, or give me death!" |
| Pontiac's Rebellion - | Native Americans continued to fight the British and colonists in the Ohio Valley and the Great Lakes after the French and Indian War officially ended. |
| Princeton - | Washington defeated British |
| boosted Patriots' confidence and American morale which was strongly needed. | Native Americans continued to fight the British and colonists in the Ohio Valley and the Great Lakes after the French and Indian War officially ended. |
| Proclamation of 1763 - | law issued by King George III of England stating that colonists could not move west of the Appalachian Mtns and any settlers living west of that line must move east of the line or be forced out |
| Pulaski - | Polish military man who helped train Patriot cavalry forces |
| repeal - | to end an act or law |
| salutary neglect - | British practice of not policing/ controlling its colonial holdings, essentially leaving the colonies to govern themselves |
| Saratoga - | Patriots won |
| Burgoyne lost after coming down from Canada | British practice of not policing/ controlling its colonial holdings, essentially leaving the colonies to govern themselves |
| American victory, convinced France to join on the side of the Patriots | Patriots won |
| smuggle - | to import or export without paying taxes on the item |
| Sons + Daughters of Liberty - | secret organization of men and women protesting British tax laws, formed by Samuel Adams |
| Stamp Act - | (1765) tax on all printed materials |
| Sugar Act - | (1764) act passed in order to raise revenue for England, taxed sugar and molasses |
| Tea Act - | Parliament gave the British East India Company a monopoly on the tea business, this actually lowered the tax on tea but the colonists could only buy East Indian Tea |
| The Crisis - | written by Thomas Paine during the war |
| encouraged soldiers to stay and fight | Parliament gave the British East India Company a monopoly on the tea business, this actually lowered the tax on tea but the colonists could only buy East Indian Tea |
| tight pack - | loading as many slaves as possible onto a slave ship |
| Townshend Act - | (1767) indirect tax on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea |
| Treaty of Paris (1763) - | treaty ending the French and Indian War, France lost nearly all claims in N. America and the British took control of Canada + east of the Mississippi River |
| Treaty of Paris (1783) - | ended Revolutionary War |
| Britain recognizes American independence, new borders, and American rights to trade | treaty ending the French and Indian War, France lost nearly all claims in N. America and the British took control of Canada + east of the Mississippi River |
| Trenton - | Christmas night 1776, Americans surprise Hessians and defeat them |
| Triangle of Trade - | systematic trade routes between African, Europe, and the Americas |
| Valley Forge - | winter campsite of Continental Army and Washington |
| miserable cold, diseases, and lack of food and supplies killed more than 2500 soldiers, low point in morale, but demonstrated troop toughness | systematic trade routes between African, Europe, and the Americas |
| Von Stueben - | Prussian military man who trained Patriots to be disciplined, effective soldiers |
| writs of Assistance - | blanket search warrants to search for smuggled goods |
| Yorktown - | final battle of Revolutionary War Continental Army and French Navy surround British on land and sea, forcing Cornwallis to surrender after a 3 week siege |
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