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CL M8 Review
Civic Literacy Module 8 Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Brown v Board of Education | Ruled that segregation in public schools is unconstitutional. |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | Includes 11 titles outlawing discrimination in public places, federally funded programs, and in employment. |
| Grutter v Bollinger | Colleges and Universities have a vested interest in creating a diverse student body and can take that into account in the admissions process. |
| Hate Crimes Prevention Act | Crimes committed based on race, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation, etc are prosecuted by the Federal Government. |
| Loving v Virginia | Legalized interracial marriage in all states. |
| Voting Rights Act | Outlawed any discriminatory practices in voting. |
| Seneca Falls Convention | First gathering of women to create a declaration of sentiments. |
| Phillips v Martin Marietta | Employers must give equal opportunities to equally qualified candidates regardless of their gender. |
| Reed v Reed | Laws that discriminate against women are unconstitutional. |
| Roe v Wade | Legalized abortions nationwide. |
| Corning Glass Works v Brennan | Equal pay for equal work became the basis for wages. |
| Young v United Parcel Service | Employers must provide the same job accommodations for pregnant women. |
| Wheeler-Howard Act | Act encouraging the creation of self-government among indigenous tribes. |
| Elk v Wilkins | Declared that the Constitution does not allow an indigenous person to declare themselves a citizen. |
| United States v Kagama | The United States can intervene in criminal cases which would be tried at the federal level. |
| Major Crimes Act | The federal government has jurisdiction over major crimes that occur on a reservation. |
| United States v Antelope | Upheld the constitutionality of the Major Crimes Act. |
| United States v Cooley | Non-indigenous people are under the jurisdiction of reservation police while on the reservation. |
| Torcaso v Watkins | States and the Federal Government cannot require a religious affirmation as part of any public office. |
| Engel v Vitale | Public Schools cannot require students and/or staff to take part in prayer. |
| Epperson v Arkansas | Teachers are allowed to teach evolution in a scientific manner. |
| Board of Education of Westside Community Schools v Mergens | Religious clubs are allowed to hold meetings at public schools since they are not in direct relation to the curriculum being taught in the school. |
| Plessy v Ferguson | Upheld the ‘Separate but Equal’ doctrine. |
| Alston v School Board of City of Norfolk | Teachers’ salaries must be equal based on qualifications and credentials and cannot be racially discriminatory. |
| McLaurin v Oklahoma State Regents | Graduate or professional education programs cannot segregate students by race. |
| Regents of the University of California v. Bakke | Upheld affirmative action so long as a quota system is not used. |
| Flowers v Mississippi | Ruled that jurors cannot be dismissed from a jury in a discriminatory manner. |
| Discrimination | Unjust treatment of an individual or a group of individuals due to a certain characteristic like race. |
| Segregation | Keeping people separated because they have different characteristics like race. |
| Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. | Civil rights activist who fought for integration of Black Americans and white Americans. |
| Non-Violent Protest | Use of peaceful tactics to effect change, even if met with violent resistance. |
| Liberation | Removal of barriers experienced by a group of people. |
| Rosa Parks | Began the Montgomery Bus Boycott. |
| Malcolm X | Advocated for a more militant form of protest and separation of white and Black Americans. |
| Media | The platforms through which information and entertainment are shared with the public. |
| Propaganda | Information released to sway public opinion. |
| Vietnam War | Conflict between South Vietnam and North Vietnam; the U.S. fought alongside South Vietnam. |
| Black Lives Matter | An organization working to end violence against Black Americans. |
| War Powers Act | Law which limits the ability of the President to use military force without Congressional approval. |
| Pentagon Papers | Department of Defense information on the U.S. military and political activities in the Vietnam conflict from 1945-1967; although the information was top secret, it was revealed by the press. |
Created by:
dmcsorley13
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