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US Gov. Unit 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| government | a structure that individuals establish with others to enable them to do what they can not do on their own |
| public policies | all the things that a government decides to do |
| politics | the means by which government is conducted |
| citizen | one who holds certain rights and responsibilities within a state or city |
| Unitary | all decisions and power held at a central level |
| federal | decisions and power are split between national and state (or province) and government |
| confederation | states or regional governments retain authority except for those powers that they expressly delegate to a central government |
| ordered government | creation of local governing authorities |
| limited government | government power restricted by law |
| representative government | government should serve the will of the people |
| Thomas Hobbes | social contract theory creator, felt that strong central government was needed because people were too selfish |
| Montesqieu | suggested separation of powers into branches of government |
| John Locke | natural rights theorist, singlemost influence in U.S. gov., influenced Jefferson, said people had a right to break social contract |
| evolutionary thoery | natural development of the state arose out of family units |
| force theory | person or group claimed control over an area and forced all within it to submit to that person or group's rule |
| divine right theory | right to rule is directly from God and only accountable to God because God created the state |
| social contract theory | people gave the state the power to govern and in return the state agreed to protect the people |
| four characteristics of the nation state | population, territory, sovereignty, and government |
| baisc concepts of democracy | worth of the individual, equality of all persons, majority rule and minority rights, necessity of compromise, individual freedom |
| Magna Carta | (1215) est. the idea that the king did not have absolute power |
| Petition of Rights | (1628) extended the rights of "commoners" to have a voice in the government |
| English Bill of Rights | (1688) garanteed the free elections and rights for citizens accused of crimes |
| Ex. of Autocracy | North Korea and Saudi Arabia |
| Autocracy distribution of power | unitary |
| Ex. of Oligarchy | China and old USSR |
| Oligarchy dist. of power | unitary |
| Ex of Theocracy | Vatican City and Iran |
| Theocracy dist. of power | unitary |
| Ex. of Rep. Democracy | USA, France, Britain, Mexico |
| Rep. Democracy dist. of power | could be unitary or federal |
| Two houses in parliament | house of commons and house of lords |
| House that elects Prime Minister | house of commons |
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ava6516
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