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UNIT 4
US History - Standards 8-10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Manifest Destiny | The belief that westward expansion from East to West coast was a "God" given right. |
| Missouri Compromise | Determined the dividing line between slavery/free territory would be the 36’30 latitude line; ME=FREEE/MO=SLAVE |
| Sectionalism | Distinct social and economic differences between the North and South; led to conflicts |
| Compromise of 1850 | Territory gained in the Mexican-American War: CA=Free, Utah & NM use popular sovereignty to decide on slavery; Fugitive Slave Law; no slave trade in DC |
| Mexican-American War | War fought over Texas territory—U.S. gained a the Mexican Cession |
| James Polk | 11th president; added Texas & Oregon territories to the US; Mexican-American War |
| Mexican Cession | territories won in the Mexican-American War (CA, NV, NM, UT, AZ, & CO) |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | stated settlers in new and remaining territories would be able to use popular sovereignty to determine slavery issue |
| popular sovereignty | Constitutional principle: rule by the people; allowed people living in territories to decide issue of slavery |
| Dred Scott v. Sanford | Supreme Court decision that stated no Black person is US citizen; slaves are property, so federal gov't can't prohibit slaves in territory (MO Comp & pop. sovereignty unconstitutional) |
| John Brown | iolent abolitionist who led raid at Harper's Ferry, VA; tried to seize federal arsenal & arm slaves before captured |
| Fugitive Slave Law | a law that required all citizens aid in the capture and return of any run away slave. |
| Union | United States of American; the North in the Civil War |
| Confederacy | Confederate States of America; the South in the Civil War |
| Abraham Lincoln | 16th President; President during the Civil War |
| Lincoln's 1st Inaugural Address | Presidental Speech going INTO office; Stated that slavery would not spread |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Issued by Abraham Lincoln; declared all slaves in Confederate states free; used as military strategy to get Southern slaves to flee to North/hurt Southern moral |
| Gettysburg Address | short speechby Lincoln which improved morale of Northerners. Cannot let rebels dissolve the Union, must preserve democracy. |
| Lincoln's 2nd Inaugural Address | Lincoln made clear that slavery would be abolished after the war; urged Northerners not to take revenge on South (assassinated 6 wks later) |
| Jefferson Davis | President of the Confederate States of America |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Head general for the Union army; aggressive approach in battle (total war); accepted Lee’s surrender |
| Robert E. Lee | Head general of the Confederate Army; considered most capable military leader in US; offered surrender to end the war |
| Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson | Confederate general; brilliant tactician who died in battle |
| William T. Sherman | Union general; led battle for Atlanta and subsequent March to the Sea; Total war |
| Battle of Fort Sumter | In South Carolina; scene of the FIRST battle of Civil War; prompted states in Upper South to join Confederacy |
| Battle of Antietam | First battle fought on Northern soil (Maryland); bloodiest day of war (12 hrs); encouraged Lincoln to issue Emancipation Proclamation |
| Battle of Vicksburg | Union gained control of traffic on the Mississippi River & cut off Confederates in the West; turning point (1/2) |
| Battle of Gettysburg | Union victory in Pennsylvania; turning point in the war (2/2); Lee's last attempt to invade North; deadliest battle of war (3 days) |
| Battle of Atlanta | Union destroyed railroad & manufacturing center of South; Began Sherman's March to the Sea; South gives up |
| habeas corpus | right of those arrested to be know their charges/have a trial; Lincoln suspended this to shut up Southern Sympathizers in Maryland |
| Presidential Reconstruction | Favored by Lincoln & Johnson; wanted to reunify the country and orgive the South |
| Congressional Reconstruction | Favored by Congress; wanted to punish the South for seceding & sought to protect the rights of black citizens |
| Andrew Johnson | Republican who became president after Lincoln assassinated; first president to be impeached; got to stay in office |
| Freedman's Bureau | Government organization; meant to assist former slaves in gaining education, jobs, legal rights, etc. |
| 13th Amendment | Abolished slavery; FREE |
| 14th Amendment | Granted citizenship to every person born in the United States; makes slaves citizens; equal protection; CITIZEN |
| 15th Amendment | Granted voting rights to all adult male citizens of the U.S.; VOTE |
| Black Codes | Laws passed in South; restricted the rights of African Americans (virtal slavery) |
| Ku Klux Klan (KKK) | Group of former Confederate soldiers/supporters; formed with the intent of disenfranchising black voters; used violence |
| Election of 1876 | Between Tilden & Hayes; Hayes made a deal with the South to end Reconstruction if elected; resulted in Hayes winning |
| Compromise of 1877 | After Hayes’ controversial victory; he agreed to end Reconstruction in exchange for winning the election |
| impeachment | to accuse a public official (president) of wrongdoing in office; House investigates and Senate does the trial. House found guilty but Senate ACQUITTED |
| acquitted | found NOT guilty of a crime |
Created by:
sdevans
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