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Chapter 7/8
History
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| myth | traditional stories about gods/heroes ; explains people's beliefs |
| oracle | sacred shrine (place of worship) where priest/priestess spoke for a god |
| fable | short tale that teaches a lesson |
| Homer's epics | the Iliad and the Odyssey (set during Trojan War) |
| Greek drama | stories told through words/actions of a cast divided into tragedies and comedies |
| Sophocles | one of the greatest Greek dramatist; Athenian writer (wrote about Athens); wrote Antigone; |
| Pericles | leader of Athens that led during Golden Age of prosperity/ achievement; became general in government |
| Philosophy | during rule of Pericles; reflecting on meaning of life |
| Age of Pericles | ruled Athens for 30 years; made Athens democratic, center for learning, rebult Athens, school of Greece, erected temples |
| Delian League | protective group on Delos Island made up of Athens and other cities to drive Persians from out of Greece |
| Decline of Persia | many losses to Greece; weak army; people disliked government; too many taxes; Alexander the Great invaded them |
| Greek citizen | members of politcal community with rights/responsibilites |
| Sparta falls behind other Greek city/states | fear of losing slaves made them isolate themselves; prevented citizens from traveling, studying, resisted change, so they didn't improve |
| Xerxes | Persian king who invaded Greece and lost |
| Leonidas | King of Sparta who battled Persia and won |
| Herodotus | Greek historian who described the Persians fighting the Greeks |
| Persian disadvantage at Battle of Salamis | Persians had heavy ships that crowded together and made it difficult to move & Greeks sank 300 of their ships |
| Alexander | King from Macedonia who conquered Greeks and Persians; nicked "the Great" |
| Why Alexander went east & south from Macedonia & Greece in his conquests | To fulfil his father's dream to conquer the Persian Empire and to free Greek city-states that were under Persian rule. |
| Importance of Alexander's calvary | His soldiers on horseback crushed enemies across Asia, including the Persians |
| Darius | ruled Persia; divided empire into satrapies (provinces) |
| Cyrus | talented Persian king who built a strong army; created largest empire in the ancient world |
| Epic | first Greek stories (poetic story about a hero) |
| Sophists | Greek philosophers who traveled from city to city teaching |
| Stoics | Philosophy developed by Zeno that said people who were guided by their emotions lived unhappy lives. |
| Hellenistic Era | time period after Alexander the Great died when Greek culture spread to the non-Greek people that Alexander conquered |
| Pythagoras | Greek scientist that taught pupils all relationships could be expressed in numbers; invented Pythagorean Theorem |
| Archimedes | most famous scientist of Hellenistic Era who worked on sold geometry; figured out the value of Pi |
| Peloponnesian War | War between Sparta and Athens ; Sparta won |
| Socrates | sculptor, philosopher in Athens who believed absolute truth was in each person; invented new way of questioning called Socratic method |
| Greek columns | large & graceful; supported many Greek buildings; White House and Capitol have these |
| Hippocrates | physician in ancient Greece called "the father of medicine." ; believed disease came from natural causes; developed rules for doctors |
| Hellenistic kingdoms | when Greek culture was spreading to the world, the kings of Egypt, Macedonia, etc had to learn to speak Greek to better control the kingdom |
| Demosthenes | Lawyer & public speaker from Athens who urged people from Athens to fight King Philip from Macedonia |
| Aristotle "golden mean" | Greek philosopher who started a school called Lyceum and taught students to take the middle position between two extremes, like don't eat too much or too little |
| Aristotle's politics | divided government into three types: monarchy, oligarchy, and democracy; believed best government had features of all 3; and no one person should have too much power |
| Tyrant | someone who siezes power and rules with total authority |
| Why Plato disliked Athenian Democracy | common people did not think for themselves, easily influenced, and made foolish decisions; wanted philospher kings to rule Greece |
Created by:
shood
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