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History Unit 1 Quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| North Geography | Frozen winters; hot humid summer; bays and harbors; rocky soil (farming hard, turned to trade and crafts) |
| South Geography | Mild winters; long, hot, humid summers; swampy coast lines (rice, sugar cane, fishing); inland (tobacco, rice, corn) |
| North Economy | Industrial (big cities, factories, products produced cheapy and quickly) |
| South Economy | Agricultural; make living off land; slavery vital to wealth (western spread of cotton increases need for slaves) |
| North Transporation | Better roads, canals, railroads (fastest transportation) |
| South Transportation | River (Miss.), Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico |
| North Social | Urban; blacks free (not equal); cities next to factories and railroad tracks |
| South Social | Blacks southerners are the small minority free, majority slaves; whites measured wealth with lands/slaves |
| Economic Causes of War | Industrial North vs Agrarian South (free labor vs slave labor); battle over taxes |
| Tariff Dispute | North want fast growing industry against cheap foreign imports; South had almost no industry (wants cheap imports); tariffs looked like north taxing the south |
| Political Causes of War | Representation in Senate; State vs Federal Right |
| Sectionalism | Loyalty to part of a nation, but not the nation as a whole |
| Anti-Slave Literature (example) | Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe |
| First Fugitive Slave Act (1793) | Authorized local governments to seize and return escaped slaves to owners |
| Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 | Added further provisions regarding runaways and levied even harsher punishments for interfering in their capture |
| Missouri Compromise | Missouri admitted as slave state; Maine admitted as free state; Divided Louisiana into free/slave territories |
| Compromise of 1850 | New Mexico and Utah slave states; California free state; stricter Fugitive Slave Act; South threatened secession if new Fugitive Slave Act (law not enforced) |
| Kansas Nebraska Act | Created territories of Kansas and Nebraska (new lands for settlement); Repealed Missouri Compromise of 1820 but allowing popular vote to determine if slavery in each territory |
| Dred Scott Case | Dred Scott was slave that moved with master to live in free state Illinois and Wisconsin for 4 years, then returned to Missouri where master died; claimed he should be free for living on free soil for long time |
| Dred Scott Case Results | Justice Roger B Taney declared slaves were not citizens of the US, slaves could not sue in courts |
| Dred Scott Case Consequences | Decision also declared Missouri Compromise unconstitutional (Congress has no authority to prohibit slavery in the territories) |
| Freeport Doctrine | Slavery could be legally barred from territories if legislatures refused to enact the type of police regulations necessary |
| Who started the raid at Harper's Ferry | John Brown |
| John Brown | Northern abolitionist; planed to launch slave revolts throughout south; revolt failed but created fear among southern whites |
| (Effects of Civil War) Political and Social Changes | War ended threats of secession; increased power of federal gov; ended slavery; (1861) establish 1st income tax to pay for war; (1865) 13th amendment |
| Economic Changes Caused by War | National Bank Act of 1863; War helps industry; Gov subsidized the construction of a national railroad system |
| National Bank Act of 1863 | Established federal system of banks; set requirements for loans and called banks to be inspected |
| War Helps Industry (economic changes) | Divided growth of several postwar industries (petroleum, steel, food, processing) |
| Land/Labor Issues | Freedmen wanted land; South needed new labor system; Freedmen's Bureau |
| Freedmen's Bureau | Gov agency that helped (food, clothing) to Freedmen and poor in south; established by O. O. Howard |
| O. O Howard | Established Freedmen's Bureau |
| President's Plan for Reconstruction | Pardons to former confederates who swore loyalty; states required to void secession, abolish slavery, ratify 13th amendment; states could then hold elections and participate in Union |
| Radical Republican Plan for Reconstruction | Wants to prevent leaders of Confederacy from returning to power; wants republican party to become powerful institution in south; help African Americans achieve political equality by getting right to vote |
| Civil Rights Act of 1866 | Granted citizenship and same rights enjoyed by white citizens to all male persons in US without discrimination |
| 14th Amendment | Al people born in US are citizens, have same right as citizens; prevented states from depriving any person of life, liberty, property without due process of law |
| 15th Amendment | Voting rights for men of all races (required states to allow blacks to vote, states would lose Reps in Congress if didn't) |
| Black Codes | laws aimed at restricting freedoms of blacks and forcing them to work in labor system with little pay |
| Jim Crow Laws | State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in south |
| Debt Peonage | Person's pledge of labor in order to repay debt or other obligation |
| Nadir | Period when racism in the US was worse than any other period after Civil War |
| Anaconda Plan | Plan that called for naval blockade of Southern ports, use of Northern naval power to seize control of Mississippi river and divide confederacy in two |
| Emancipation Proclamation | All slaves in rebellion states would be free |
| Vicksburg Campaign | Campaign by Union forces to take Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg |
| Result of Vicksburg Campaign | Divided confederacy and ensured Union control of Mississippi River |
| Turning point in the Civil War | Battle of Gettysburg |
| Lincoln Douglas Debates | Series of political debates between Lincoln and Stephen Douglas in a campaign for one of Illinois' 2 US Senate seats |
| Ostend Manifesto | Declaration issues from Ostend, Belgium by US ministers to England, France, Spain stating the US would be justified in seizing Cuba if Spain didn't sell it to the US |
| Ulysses S Grant | Commanding general of Union army |
| Amnesty | Official pardon for people who've been convicted of political offenses |
| Scalawags | Southern whites who supported Reconstruction |
| Carpetbaggers | Poor whites who moved to south to take advantage or help freedmen |
| 10% Plan | Southern state could be readmitted into Union once 10% of voters swore allegiance to Union |
| Sharecropping | Give share of crops to landowner for use of land |
| Grandfather Clause | Laws that allowed people who could vote at beginning of 1867 and their descendants/relatives to vote without passing a literacy test/paying toll tax |
| Ways South Kept Blacks from Voting | Poll tax, literacy test, grandfather clause |
| Plessy v Ferguson | Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under "separate but equal" clause |
Created by:
Mikayla801
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