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Acadec SocSci 3
2022-2023
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who was the French foreign minister and what did he propose? | Comte de Vergennes; proposed that territory in North America should be divided between US, Great Britain, and Spain. |
| Who did John Jay negotiate with, ignoring the terms of the Franco-American Treaty of Alliance? | British Prime Minister, William Petty, earl of Shelbourne |
| What land did American negotiators secure for the United States after the war? | all territory east of the Mississippi River, north of Florida, and south of Canada |
| What was the Anglo-American treaty that formally recognized American independence and ended the Revolutionary War? | Peace of Paris |
| When was the Peace of Paris first drafted? | November 30, 1782 |
| When and where was the Peace of Paris first signed by the American and British negotiators? | September 3, 1783 at the Hotel d'York |
| When was the Peace of Paris first ratified by the US Congress? | January 14, 1784 |
| What were people who remained loyal to the British government called? | Loyalists, King's Men, Royalists, and Tories |
| What were people who supported the Continental Congress called? | Patriots, revolutionaries, continentals, colonials, rebels, Yankees, Whigs |
| What percent of the colonial population remained loyal to Britain and King George III? | 20 |
| What were Loyalists usually? | wealthy plantation owners and enslavers who lived in the southern colonies, depended upon British trade networks, merchants, prosperous, educated, Anglican |
| How many Loyalists fled the country after or during the war? | 80,000 departed for Canada or Great Britain, but roughly 80% remained in US |
| How many Loyalists fought for the British in the Revolutionary War? | 25,000 Loyalists |
| Where was Loyalist sentiment strong? (YMCG) | New York City, along the Hudson River, eastern shore of Maryland, and the western frontier such as the Carolinas and Georgia (YMCG) |
| What percent of the white population supported the Revolution? | 40%-45% |
| Husband of Lucy Flucker Knox | Wife of Continental Army Colonel Henry Knox |
| Husband of Abigail Adams | John Adams |
| What happened to Loyalist Catherine van Cortlandt? | Moved from New Jersey to New York where her husband, Philip Van Cortlandt, fled |
| How did Sarah Cass McGinn help in the war? | Experienced in Iroquoian languages, served as an interpreter in the Ohio Valley during the war |
| What were single women who followed along with troops as they traveled called? | "camp followers" |
| How did Mary Ludwig Hays help during the war at the Battle of Monmouth? | At the Battle of Monmouth, she brought soldiers water from a nearby spring earning nickname "Molly Pitcher." When her husband was injured she took his place at the cannon and George Washington promoted her to "Sergeant Molly." Military pensions received |
| What happened to Margaret Cochran Corbin? | She was severely wounded during British assault on Fort Washington while fighting alongside her husband. She received US military pensions. |
| Who joined the Continental Army under a man's name? | Deborah Sampson of Plymouth, Massachusetts |
| How many enslaved persons lived within the 13 colonies at the start of American Revolution? | Estimated 25,000 |
| Which British Army proclamations offered emancipation to enslaved people with patriot enslavers if they agreed to serve the army in some way and freed 3,000 -10,000 ppl? | Lord Dunmore's Proclamation and the Philpsburg Proclamation |
| Who was Boston King? | An enslaved carpenter from South Carolina who fled to join British Army. |
| How many Black Americans evacuated with the British? | About 3,000, |
| How many Black Americans enlisted in state militias and the Continental Army? | Some 5,000 |
| What did Jack Sisson do? | He was an enslaved African American who served in the FIrst Rhode Island Regiment. In July 1777, Sisson and 40 other troops under Colonel William Barton sailed to capture British General Richard Prescott, who was later exchanged for CA General Charles Lee |
| What did James Armistead do? | Played a critical role in Battle of Yorktown and was deployed by Lafayette as a spy by posing as a runaway slave. Infiltrated General Cornwallis's headquarters and informed Washington of approaching British reinforcement at BofY. |
| How was James Armistead freed after fighting in the Revolution? | Lafayette helped him petition Congress for his freedom and received manumission in 1787. |
| How many Native Americans fought for the British in the Revo War? | Approximately 13,000 Indians. |
| What was the Virginia Act of 1783? | It emancipated enslaved soldiers who fought for the Revolution |
| What caused many Native groups to support the British? | The Proclamation of 1763 |
| Who was in the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy? | Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Mohawk, and Tuscora (SCOOMT) |
| Who was Sir William Johnson and what did he do? | Irish-born Johnson was adopted by Mohawk Nation and served as Superintendent of Indian Affairs for British North America |
| What declaration did Native Americans use to attempt to maintain neutrality in the revo war? | Oneida Declaration of Neutrality in June 1775 |
| What caused the end of the Iroquois Confederacy? | Seneca, Onondaga, Cayuga supported the British (SOC), Tuscarora and Oneida supported America (TOne), Mohawk fought on both sides |
| Who was Thayendanegea (Joseph Brant) and what did he do? | Mohawk leader who fought in Seven Years' War and educated by Christian missionaries and fought for the British. Led joint Mohawk and Loyalists force called "Brant's Volunteers" in the fighting on New York frontier |
| Who was Akiatonharonkwen (Joseph Cook) and what did he do? | Mohawk leader who supported American cause and known as "Colonel Lewis." Achieved lieutenant colonel rank and joined Benedict Arnold to Quebec. Fluent in French so he led Native American delegation to meet Rochambeau. |
| Who allied with the British in Georgia and South Carolina? | Creeks and Seminoles |
| Where did the Creek warriors attack in 1778? | Georgia and South Carolina including Siege of Savannah (GCS = green cards) |
| Who supported British efforts against Spain on the Gulf Coast and along the Mississippi River? | Creek, Chickasaw, and Choctaw |
| Why did Native Americans have to negotiate their relationships with fledgling US? | Nearly all Native American groups on western frontier found their lands and villages destroyed. They received no compensation from Americans and found themselves abandoned by the British. |
| When did the First Continental Congress meet for 6 weeks and what was it for? | Fall of 1774; to mend disintegrating relationship between American colonies and Great Britain |
| What did the First Continental Congress agree to do? | Boycott British goods and draft a declaration of colonial rights. If Great Britain did not respond, the delegates planned to reconvene in May of 1775. |
| Why did Congress rely on each state to support the war? | Congress had no legal authority to govern and could not levy taxes. |
| When was the Continental Army created? | June 14, 1775 |
| Why did Congress unanimously choose Washington over Hancock to command the Continental forces? | His military experience, as a Virginian he was better poised to unite the colonies, and Congress thought he would place the good of the revolutionary cause above all else. |
| When was the Olive Branch Petition adopted and signed and what was its purpose? | July 5 and signed by delegates on July 8, 1775. It was the final attempt to avoid war between colonies and Great Britain. |
| Who wrote the first draft and who wrote the final draft of the Olive Branch Petition? | Thomas Jefferson (Virginia) wrote the first draft but it was too inflammatory. Dickinson (Pennsylvania) wrote the final version. |
| How many delegates signed two copies of the Olive Branch Petition? | 48 delegates |
| Who were entrusted to deliver the copies of the Olive Branch Petition to King George III? | Richard Penn, royal governor of Pennsylvania and Arthur Lee, delegate from Virginia |
| Which declaration written by Thomas Jefferson explained why the colonies had taken up arms against they British? | The Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms July 6, 1775 |
| Which Parliamentary policies that Americans found disagreeable were listed in the Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms? | Taxation without representation, operation of vice-admirality courts, Intolerable Acts, and Declaratory Act |
| Which proclamation by King George III declared the colonies to be in an"open and avowed rebellion?" | Proclamation of Rebellion (August 23rd, 1775) |
| Who anonymously published a 47-page pamphlet title Common Sense in January 1776? | Thomas Paine |
| How did Paine structure Common Sense? | Like a sermon |
| How did Paine present a distinctly American political identity that was easily understandable to Americans of various backgrounds? | He used dissenting Protestant beliefs |
| Who was a part of the Committee of Five, a group charged with preparing a formal declaration of independence? | John Adams (Massachusetts), Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin (Pennsylvania), Roger Sherman (Connecticut), Robert Livingston (New York) |
| What did the Virginia Convention pass on May 15th? | A resolution calling for a declaration of independence, formation of foreign allies, and confederation of the states. |
| Who wrote the first draft of the Declaration of Independence? | Thomas Jefferson, persuaded by John Adams |
| Which document served as a model to the Americans for how to end the rule of an unjust king and exercise popular sovereignty? | England's 1689 Declaration of Rights that ended the reign of King James II |
| What served as inspiration for Jefferson's draft of the Declaration of Independence? | His draft of the preamble to the Virginia contitution, George Mason's draft of the Virginia Declaration of Rights, the work of English political theorist John Locke, and England's 1689 Declaration of Rights. |
| What did Richard Henry Lee propose on June 7th? | The Lee Resolution which stated that the colonies had a right to be free and independent states, which was eagerly seconded by John Adams. |
| When did the committee present a draft of the declaration to the full Congress? | June 28th, 1776 |
| What did delegates do to make the document more appealing to South Carolina and Georgia? | They decided to remove Jefferson's assertion that George III had forced slavery upon the colonies. |
| When was the Declaration of Independence approved? | July 4, 1776 |
| What are the five sections of the Declaration? | Introduction, preamble, indictment of King George III, denunciation of the British people, conclusion |
| Which section contains two of the most famous sentences ever written in the English language? | Preamble |
| How many grievances does the Declaration accuse the British monarch of committing? | 27 grievances |
| What is the first group of grievances? | Charges 1-12, King George III's abuse of his executive power such as suspending colonial laws, dissolving colonial legislatures, having a standing army during peacetime. |
| What is the second group of grievances? | Charges 13-22, King George III colluding with Parliament to subject colonies to unconstitutional measures such as taxing without consent, altering charters, suspending trade, limiting right to a trial by jury |
| What is the third group of grievances? | Charges 22-27, King George III's violence and cruelty in waging war against his American subjects |
| What did the introduction of the Declaration identify as the document's purpose? | To announce publicly and clearly why America wanted to leave the British Empire. |
| What does the introduction of the Declaration claim provides people with the ability to seek independence while acknowledging their cause for doing so must be reasonable and explicable? | natural law |
| What does Jefferson argue in the denunciation? | A severing of the relationship between the colonies and American is justified and necessary. |
| Who printed two hundred broadsides of the Declaration of Independence? | John Dunlap |
| When and where did one of the first formal public readings take place? | July 8th in the yard of Philadelphia's Independence Hall |
| Who commissioned a pamphleteer to publish a rebuttal titled "Answer to the Declaration of the Congress?" | Frederick, Lord North, and Prime Minister |
| What did 547 Loyalists from New York sign in response to the Declaration of Independence? | "A Declaration of Dependence" |
| Which document helped to create a loose union where each state "retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence?" | Articles of Confederation |
| Who did the Continental Congress appoint to draft the Articles of Confederation on June 12, 1776? | John Dickinson |
| What were the thorniest issues regarding the Articles of Confederation? | state sovereignty, specific legislative and executive powers granted to Congress, how to handle western land claims, voting procedures, and whether to have a judiciary |
| When were the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union completed? | November 15, 1777 |
| What did the delegates achieve consensus on? | Creating a limited government with delineated power |
| What could the national government do under the Articles of Confederation? | declare war, make treaties with foreign nations, adjudicate disputes between states, borrow and print money, and request funds from the states for mutual defense |
| What could the national government not do under the Articles of Confederation? | Could not enforce treaty provisions or tax the states or individuals |
| How many votes did each state have under the Articles of Confederation? | One vote, regardless of size, population, or wealth |
| Was there a chief executive or judiciary under the Articles of Confederation? | No |
| Which state was last to ratify the Articles of Confederation? | Maryland |
| When did Maryland ratify the Articles of Confederation? | February 2, 1781 |
| When did the Articles of Confederation become the supreme law of the land? | March 1, 1781 |
| What territories did Great Britain cede in accordance with the 1783 Treaty of Paris? | Territory west of Appalachian Mountains, north of Ohio River, and east of the Mississippi River |
| Which Ordinance called for the land ceded by Britain to be divided into separate states | The Ordinance of 1784, approved by Congress on April 23 |
| Which Ordinance created a standardized system for selling land in the West? | The Land Ordinance of 1785 |
| Which Ordinance is considered the most important legislative acts of the Confederation Congress and finalized the end of western land claims held by Pennsylvania, Virginia, New York, Connecticut, and Massachusetts | The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |
| What did the 1787 Ordinance establish? | Federal control over the new lands and created a system for the admission of new states into the Union |
| What was the system of admission of new states into the Union created by the 1787 Ordinance? | Once a territory reached 60,000 inhabitants, it would be admitted to the union on an equal footing with the original 13 states. |
| Which state was first created from the Northwest Territory? | Ohio, joined in 1803 |
| Which states was the remainder of the Northwest Territory divided between after Ohio? | Wisconsin, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, a portion of Minnesota (W.I.I.M.) |
| What did the Northwest Ordinance prohibit? | Slavery |
| What was the geographic divide between slave and free states in the West? | Ohio River |
Created by:
estherhe
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