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US History
coach martins class guys
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Freeport Doctrine | Idea put forth by Stephen Douglas, during a debate with Lincoln, that the residents of a territory could still ban slavery despite what the Supreme Court decided with Dred Scott |
| Compromise of 1850 | California admitted as a free state; sale of slaves banned in DC; Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 enacted; rest of Mexican Cession territory open to slavery based on popular sovereignty (will of the people) |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | Divisive act introduced by Stephen Douglas, which repeated the Missouri Compromise by applying popular sovereignty to both Kansas and Nebraska territories. The republican party (opposing the extension of slavery) was formed in 1854 due to this Act |
| Dred Scott Decision | Supreme Court Decision (1857) stating that Scott did not have the right to sue for his freedom since he was not a US citizen, but property of another person. Congress had no right to take another person's property. |
| Homestead Act of 1862 | Encouraged westen migration by promising settlers 160 acres of land for $1.25 an acre after improving it for 6 months of for free if they farmed it for 5 years; 10 percent of the US was claimed and settled under this act |
| Ostend Manifesto | An attempt to expand US territory; pushed for Spain to sell Cuba to the US for $120 million in 1854; deemed unconstitutional due to the Fugitive Slave Law and Cuba did not become a US territory. |
| Long term causes of the Civil War | Sectionalism, Slavery (differing economic needs/reliance on southern slavery; slavery extension, state's rights |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Lincoln's announcement that all slaves in those states rebelling would be freed |
| Scalawags | Southern whites who supported reconstruction and the Republican Party |
| Gettysburg | July 1863 battle that was the turning point in the war |
| The Gettysburg Address | Short speech given by Lincoln to honor Union losses at Gettysburg |
| Thirteenth Amendment | Outlaws slavery in all states and all lands governed by the US |
| Fourteenth Amendment | Granted full citizenship to African Americans, citizens cannot be deprived of rights without due process of the law, guarantees equal protection under the law |
| Fifteenth Amendment | States that no one can be denied suffrage based on race or color |
| Black Codes | Laws written by Southern States that prevented colored people from voting, holding office, serving on juries, etc |
| Radical Republicans | Group of Republicans who believed the south should be punished for the Civil War and that African Americans should be given full political and civil equality |
| Sharecropping | System of agriculture used in the South with former slaves; farmers would give a portion of their crops to the landowner in exchange for use of the land |
| Debt Peonage | Debt Slavery; landowners force workers to pay off debt with work; they are stuck in a cycle |
| Carpetbagger | Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War to take advantage of the unstable social, financial, and political climate |
| Hiram Rhodes Revels | First African America in Congress; Appointed by the Mississippi state legislature to fill and empty Senate Seat |
| The Nadir | End of reconstruction where racism was at an all time high; African Americans lost many rights made during reconstruction |
| Jim Crow Laws | Laws passed after reconstruction in the south; African Americans became second class citizens; laws lasted until 1960s |
| Grange | Group formed to provide social and educational gathering for isolated farm families; by the 1870s, most of their time was spent fighting the railroads (misuse of government land grants, fixing prices, charging different customers different rates) |
| Granger Laws | Laws passed in midwestern states that aimed to make pricing of railroad rates more favorable to farmers (especially small rural farmers); led to cases like Munn vs Illinois and Wabash vs Illinois |
| Farmers Alliance | Groups formed to educate farmers about topics such as interest rates on loans and government control of banks and railroads; membership grew to more than 4 million, led to rise of Populists Party |
| Populism | Political movement created from the Farmer's alliance; supported granted income taxes, regulated banks, increased money supply, government ownership of railroad and telegraph lines, eight-hour work day. restriction on immigration, and voting reforms |
| Cross of Gold | Speech by William Jennings Bryan; criticized the monetary policy of the government for being too hard on farmers; said farmers were being crucified on a gross of gold; helped gain Populist support |
| Reservation System | Land set aside for Native American tribes by the government; Native Americans required to stay on their land, which was typically undesirable and worse than original land |
| Interstate Commerce Act 1887 | Reestablished the right of the federal government to supervise railroad activities and established the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to carry out the act; created over public pressure w/ railroads having abused power; ICC had little power |
| Dawes Act 1887 | Passed by congress to "americanize" the Native Americans; each adult male could claim 160 acres of reservation land as private property; led to mass sell off of reservation land and threatened the survival of Native American culture |
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Supergreninja88
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