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Social Terms
Definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Accomodation | When people from from different cultures come into contact, accept, an create space for on another's culture. (aapting to cultures |
| Acculturation | The cultural changes that occur when two cultures accomodate each other's worldviews |
| Apartheid | An Afrikaans word that refers to policy of segregating and discriminating against non-whites in South Africa |
| Assimilation | A minority group being absorbed by a larger group. |
| Basic Needs | People's physical (food, shelter), social (family), and emotional needs (being loved). |
| Bioiversity | Variety in plant and animal species. |
| Blood Oil | Oil that is obtained through violence and bloodshed |
| Boreal Forest | An environmentally sensitive region consisting mostly of coniferous trees-spruce, fir, pine |
| Capitalism | An economic system that advocates free trade, competition, and choice as a means of achieving prosperity. |
| Civil society | A sector of society made up of non-government and non-business groups. ex. communities, universities, religious groups |
| Collective | A group to which a person belongs & identifies with. |
| Communism | An economic and political system whose purpose is to eliminate class distinctions. Everyone works for the benefit of all and would recieve help when needed. Political ideology & type of gov't where the state owns the major recources of society(property) |
| Compare | To find similarities and differences |
| Connotation | The emotional associations people attach to a word/phrase |
| Consensus | General Agreement |
| Containerization | The transporting of goods in standardized shipping containers. |
| Context | Circumstances or surroundings |
| Contrast | To find differences between or among things/ideas |
| Cross-cultural Communication | Communication that occurs among people of different cultures. |
| Cultural Content Laws | Laws passed by a gov't to prevent a group's cultural identity from being overwhelmed by the meda of a dominant culture. |
| Cultural Diversity | Variety in cultures & identities |
| Cultural Mosaic | A society that is made up of many distinct cultural groups. |
| Cultural Pluralism | The idea that a variety of peoples are free to affirm and promote their customs, traditions, beliefs, & language within a society. |
| Cultural Revitilization | Promotion of an indiviual or collective culture. |
| Deinustrialization | The reduction in or loss of industries. |
| Denotation | A word or phrase |
| Depopulation | A reduction in population cuased by natural or human-made forces. |
| Digital Divide | The gap that seperates people who do-and do not- have internet/technology |
| Ecological Footprint | The area of earth's surface necessary to sustain the level of resources a person uses and the waste he/she creates. |
| Economic Depression | A period of low economic activity accompanied by high levels of unemployment. |
| Economic Globilization | The spread of trade, transportation, and communication systems around the world in the interests/promoting worldwide commerce. |
| Economies of Scale | Savings that're achieved by producing, using, and buying things in large quantities. |
| Effect | means "result", "brought about" or "caused" |
| Enemy alien | In WWI & WWII it described people from countries that were at war with Canada. These peoples' rights were sometimes restricted. |
| Ethnocentrism | A way of thinking that centres on one's own race and culture. They believe that their worldview is the only valid one. |
| Eurocentrism | A form of ethnocentrism that uses European ethnic, national, religious, & linguistic criteria to judge other peoples and their cultures. |
| Flag of convenience | A flag flown by ships when they are registered in a country that is not the country of their owner. |
| Foreign Aid | Money, supplies, and other goods given by one country to another. |
| Free Trade | The trade that occurs when 2 or more countries eliminate tariffs and taxes on the goods and services they trade with one another. |
| Gacaca Courts | Community courts in Rwanda to try ordinary people and officials that were accused of taking part in the Rwandan genocide. |
| Purpose of Gacaca Courts | To speed up the process of bringing to justice those who had participated in the genocide and to encourage reconciliation. |
| Gender gap | The social, economic, & political differences that seperate men and women. |
| General Consensus | Agreement that occurs mostly, or even all, members of the group agrees |
| Genocide | Mass killing of human beings, especially a targeted group of people. |
| Genuine Progress Index (GPI) | A system that measures the sustainability, well-being, and quality of life of a country & its people |
| Global Climate Change | Small, but steady changes in average temperatures around the world. |
| Grand Exchange | A trading process of European things- like seeds, fruit trees, livestock- to North America and species from the Americas were brought to Europe. Happened between diff. countries w/ diff. products around the world. |
| Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | The value of all the goods & services a country produces in a year. Used to measure a country's economy's strength. |
| Gross National Income (GNI) | The amount of money earned by everyone in a country. |
| Historical Globilization | A period that began in 1492 (Christopher Columbus) and ending after WWII, when the U.S. and Soviet Union emerge as superheroes. |
| Homogenization | Erasing of differences. Also, erasing cultural differences SO PEOPLE CAN BECOME MORE SIMILAR. |
| Human Trafficking | A crime that occurs when people seeking a better life in a new country are preyed on by criminal organizations that help them immigrate illegally, forcing them to work in bad conditions or do criminal activities. |
| Hybridization | Combined elements of two or more different things to create something new. |
| Imperialism | One country's domination over another country's economic, political, and cultural institutions. |
| Inalienable | Referring to rights that cannot be taken away or transferred. |
| Indian Act | First passed by the Canadian Parliament in 1876 & amended several times. Defines who is a status Indian. |
| Industrial Revolution | The period between 1750 and 1850 when work became mechanized and began to occure in factories. It brought dramatic economic, social, & cultural change. |
| Ingenuity Gap | The gap between people's need for new & innovative solutions to problems & their ability to supply these solutions. |
| Knowledge Economy | Businesses & individuals who use research, education, new ideas, & information technologies for practical purposes. |
| Labour Standards | Measures that protect workers. |
| Legacy | Something that has been passed on by those who lived in the past. |
| Market Economy | An economy in which gov't regulations are reduced to a minimum & businesses are free to make their own decisions. |
| Media Concentration | The gathering of ownership of newspapers and other media in the hands of only a few. |
| Media Convergence | The use of electronic technology to integrate media like newspapers, books, TV, and the Internet. |
| Mercantilism | A policy used during the 16th to 19th centuries during European imperialism. The colonies trade was strictly controlled to benefit the economy of the imperial power. |
| Multiculturalism | An official Canadian gov't policy founded on the idea that Canadian society is pluralistic-made of many culturally distinct groups who're free to affirm & promote their own cultural identity. |
| Non-Government Organization (NGO) | An organization established by collective groups who work toward specific goals to gain public support in achieving these goals. Depend on volunteerers and donations, recieve grants & contracts. Influence policies at national/international levels. |
| Outsourcing | A business strategy that involves reducing costs by using suppliers & services in countries where labour is cheaper & gov't regulation is less strict. |
| Overgeneralizing | Drawing a conclusion based on too little information. |
| Pandemic | An epidemic that spreads around the world and poses a serious threat bc of people's ability to travel faster than ever before. |
| Pop Culture | Or popular culture-the culture of the people. U.S. Refers to current cultural trends that're spread by commercial mass media. |
| Privatization | The selling of a public service to a private company so the service is no longer owned by the government |
| Propoganda | Ideas & Info spread for the purpose of achieving a specific goal. |
| Quiet Revolution | A period of intense social, political, and economic change in Quebec. 1960-1966: Quebecois began to assert their rights & affirm & promote their language and culture. |
| Reparation | The act of making amends for wrongdoing. (Can include payments-Germany) |
| Residential Schools | Boarding schools where First Nations children were gathered to live, work, & study. Assimilation policy. Closed in 1996. |
| Role Model | Someone to whom others look as an example to emulate |
| Rough Consensus | An agreement that involves most people in a group. |
| Sanction | A penalty. It's often economic, taken to pressure a gov't to agree to actions/rules. |
| Status Indian | A FN person who's registered according to the provisions of the Indian Act & is eligible to recieve specific benefits. |
| Stereotyping | Placing people in categories according to preconceived beliefs about how members of a particular group think/behave. |
| Stewardship | Accepting responsibility for ensuring that the earth's resources remain sustainable. |
| Sustain | To provide the basic necessities needed to support life. |
| Sustainability | The degree to which Earth is able to provide the resources necessary to meet people's needs. |
| Sustainable Prosperity | Practicing stewardship of the environment & resources so that future generations are able to achieve prosperity. |
| Trade Liberalization | A process that involves countries in reducing/removing trade barriers so goods & services can move around the world more freely. |
| Transnational Corporation | A company that's based in one country while developing & manufacturing its products, or delivering its goods and services, in more than one country. (Multinational Corporation) |
| Universalization | The spread of culture, trends, customs, & practices around the world |
| Virtual Community | A community made up of people who may never have met in person, but who interact via the Internet. |
| Manifest Destiny | The idea that the US has the God given mission to spread its territory and ideas about democracy, economics, and some ideas about religious matters. |
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Grade10
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