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07 Heritage Studies5
The Civil War
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| munition | weapons, ammunition, and equipment used in war |
| negotiate | to discuss or bargain between two or more parties in order to reach an agreement |
| slavery | what the Southern states based their economy on in early colonial times |
| Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 | required Americans to return runaway slaves to their owners |
| Dred Scott case | case that the Supreme Court ruled against involving a slave suing his owners to receive his freedom |
| abolitionists | wanted to end slavery immediately |
| scouting | the act of spying to gather information about the enemy’s positions and weaknesses |
| secede | the act of removing oneself from an organization or alliance, many states choose to do after the election of 1860 |
| South Carolina | first state to leave the Union |
| Confederate States of America | name of the new union that seven states formed after the election of 1860 |
| started Civil War | Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter |
| siege | a military operation in which a city or fort is completely surrounded, cutting off help and supplies in order to force a surrender |
| siegeworks | a temporary fortification where guns are mounted |
| Antietam | bloodiest single-day battle of the Civil War was fought |
| Appomattox Courthouse | where Robert E. Lee surrendered |
| Emancipation Proclamation | notice that promised to free all enslaved people |
| Gettysburg | battle that had a profound influence on the Civil War |
| Reconstruction | period after the Civil War when America was being rebuilt by reuniting the nation physically, socially, and politically |
| states’ rights | principle that the federal government has only limited authority over each state |
| Abraham Lincoln | Republican president who opposed slavery, Republican candidate in 1860 |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Union general that the president trusted the most |
| Robert E. Lee | Confederate general who was the most famous and became the superintendent of West Point |
| Thomas Jackson | Confederate general who stood “like a stone wall” during the battle of Bull Run |
| George McClellan | Union general who attempted to capture Richmond from the Confederates in the Peninsular Campaign |
| William T. Sherman | captured and burned Atlanta, an important rail hub for the Confederacy |
| what the election of 1860 meant for many Southerners | It meant the end of their way of life. They did not know how to live without slaves. |
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