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Ancient Greek
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Geography & its effect on settlement and Greek life | Very Mountainous- Isolated from other Greek communities Limited Farmland - Reached carrying capacity and didn't have enough food for everyone in their community - This made people trade more to get resources |
| Colonization: reasons | They reached their carrying capacity and ran low on resources so they sent people off to find more farmland and colonize more land |
| Colonization: process | -consulted an oracle to see if their efforts would be successful -gathered food & supplies, took a flame from their towns sacred fire & began sea voyage -looked & hopefully found a safe place with good farmland & natural harbors |
| Minoans | -Settled on Crete -Peaceful people -Used plentiful farmland for olives & grapes -Used calm waters of Mediterranean to trade -Volcano on the Aurora, followed by an earthquake, then followed by invasion of the Mycenaeans, brought the Minoans to the end |
| Mycenaeans | -Conquered Minoans(took over crete) but stayed in Peloponnesus -adopted Minoan legacy -they traded more than farming bc lack of resources -warlike -fighting left them weak for the Dorians to conquer -all cities fell except Athens-hidden water supply |
| Who were the Dorians? | -Dorians were simple farming people with little culture and no written language which led to the Greek Dark Ages and written language to completely vanish - stories were passed down verbally until written language returned |
| Monarchy | -Most Greek city-states used to be ruled by one person and they were chosen by the people of each city-state -But Kings demanded that their power go to their children after their death |
| Tyranny | -Tyranny-the ruling power is in the hands of 1 person who is not a king -Oligarchs weren't protecting the poor so they turned to leaders who would improve their lives(Tyrants) -Many ruled well when they took control but some were hostile to aristocrats |
| Spartan Oligarchy | -multiple people rule -Council of Elders: 2 kings who inherit their position & 28 men who were over 60 & from an aristocratic family(had to be elected) -Prepared laws for Assembly to vote on, & had the power to stop any laws passed by the Assembly |
| Aristocrat | -Wealthy men in a powerful class who advised the King -Soon realized as a group they could overthrow the King so they took over and became Oligarchs -They ignored the needs of most people |
| Athenian Democracy | Athens citizen:free man over the age of 18 & born in Athens Council of 500 met every day to talk abt daily business & laws Council-citizens 30+ were selected randomly for 1 year Assembly met on hill every 10 days & voted on laws made by the council |
| Causes of the Trojan War | -Troy-located at only connection between the Black and Aegean -Trojans make $ by taxing ships that come through -Troy becomes a big trade center because it's in the center of the Aegean World and the Greeks want to take control of that for $ |
| Outcome & Effects of the Trojan War | -Troy was destroyed, and its citizens were killed or enslaved -The Greeks now control the major trade center which makes them have more resources, power, and $$$. -At the end of the Greek Dark Age, Homer wrote the Iliad & the Odyssey |
| Hellespont | -The only body of water that connects the Aegean Sea and Black Sea -Xerxes built a boat bridge across the Hellespont to avoid walking around the Black Sea -Was the reason the Trojan War was fought |
| Homer | -Lived in Ancient Greece -Many believed he was a bard, or a traveling, singing poet. -famous for writing the Iliad and the Odyssey. |
| Greek Phalanx | -The Greeks used this war strategy -Shields in the front -Spears go in between the shields -People in the back rows replace the people with the spears if they die |
| Causes of the Persian Wars | -The Ionians were tired of living under persia & decided to rebel & Darius was mad at Athens for helping them -Darius wanted to keep control of his territory, power, & wealth. -Darius didn't want the idea of Athens new democracy getting into persia |
| Outcome & Effects of the Persian Wars | -The Greeks won, but many cities were destroyed & lives were lost. -Xerxes was embarrassed, and the Persian Empire was stopped from expanding further into Europe. -The Golden Age of Athens begins, & is spread around the Mediterranean World. |
| Causes of the Peloponnesian War | -Megara city (friends with Sparta) was banned from trading at Athenian ports. -Athens and Corinth (friends with Sparta) fought a naval battle over representation in the trade centers. -Sparta grew worried about Athens' growing power and declared war |
| Outcome & Effects of the Peloponnesian War | -The Golden Age of Athens is brought to a premature end. -Sparta eventually wins the war, but fighting between the city-states continued. -Philip II of Macedonia knew the Greeks were divided and weak. He attacked and conquered all of Greece. |
| Alexander the Great and his accomplishments | -spread Greek ideas & culture to the rest of the known world. -conquered the persian empire & their main cities & spread his land to India -built Greek style cities (aka the Alexandrias) throughout empire -encouraged settlers from Greece to live in th |
| Agora | The downtown market of each city-state where the merchants went to trade and the men went to talk with friends (heart and soul of the city-state) |
| Socrates | -I am a famous Greek Philosopher. (Thinker) -Always challenged people’s beliefs, which caused me to develop a lot of powerful enemies. -I was eventually put to death for my beliefs. -There is a teaching style named after me called the Socratic Method. |
| Plato | -I am a Greek philosopher, or thinker. -I was Socrates' most famous student. -Much of what is known about Socrates is because of my exaggerated writing about him. -I created the Platonic Academy, or school, in Athens. |
| Thucydides | -I am known as the “Father of scientific history”. -My most famous book details the events of the Peloponnesian War. -My masterpiece is entitled, “The History of the Peloponnesian War”. -I am known as a very reputable (unbiased) historian. |
| Herodotus | -I am a famous Greek historian, known as, “Father of History”. -My best known book detailed the events of the Persian Wars. -I am known for being particularly biased -The name of my most famous book is, “Histories”. |
| Pythagoras | -I am known as the “Father of numbers”. -I think geometry is pretty neat. -All school children know my name, and have used my most famous mathematical theorem. -Supposedly, I had a phobia of beans! |
| Parthenon/Acropolis | -The Acropolis is the high ground that the Parthenon is built on which is a temple for the victory over Persia -Acropolis translates to ‘city on hill’ |
| Doric Architecture | -Oldest, made to look like old wooden buildings -Found mostly on mainland Greece -Fluted shaft has no base, but has a simple square capital or top |
| Ionic Architecture | -Shorter, often used on smaller buildings -The columns are fluted, the capital has volutes (AKA Scrolls), and also had a base -Style became popular in the Ionian Islands. |
| Corinthian Architecture | -Most decorative style, made famous by the Romans rather than the Greeks -Least popular of all three styles IN GREECE (crazy expensive and time consuming). -Invented in the city of Corinth -ALL had decorative acanthus leaves |
| Helots | -conquered people turned into slaves. -remained in their own villages, but did much of the Spartan farming since Spartan men were all soldiers |
| Perioikoi | -noncitizen -free men who worked and made tools and equipment for the army. -were traded between city-states. |
| What is the order of the Government forms? | M: Monarchy O: Oligarchy T: Tyranny D:Democracy |
| Athens Economy | -Economy based on farming and trade with other city-states -Had a marketplace called Agora -Developed coins that made trade easier. -Slaves played an important role, were bought and sold at the Agora. |
| Sparta Economy | -Based on farming and conquering other people -Discouraged trade-thought new ideas from other people would weaken the government/city-state. -They had Perioikoi and helots |
| Athens Education | -Main purpose of education was to produce good citizens. -Education was focused on a sharp mind & healthy body. -Girls were taught at home and only boys were citizens -Boys went to school from age 6 to 14 -Military training began at age 18 |
| Sparta: Education | -Purpose was to produce people who could protect Sparta -From 7 kids were trained to fight, even girls -Boys taught to read and write(not as important as military) -At 20, Spartan men were given a test of fitness to become full citizens and soldiers |
| Athens: Women | -Were not free to speak to men in public -Managed the household. -Few women held jobs. -Women could not inherit or own much property -Not considered citizens -Could not vote or attend the Assembly |
| Athens: Slaves | -Many slaves in Athens- some born into slavery, others were made slaves when captured during war -Slaves worked in dangerous silver mines, ran households, farmed, worked in factories, tutored children and some were craftsman |
| Sparta: Women | -Were free to talk to men in public -Were expected to be healthy and strong -Women could own and control their own property -No role in government. |
| Sparta Slaves | -The government declared war on the helots [every year] so that it could legally kill any slaves it thought might rebel -Helots had some rights – could marry whomever they wanted, pass their name on to their children, sell extra crops |
| Alexander the Great and his accomplishments | -spread Greek ideas and culture. -conquered the persian empire & their main cities -built Greek style cities (aka the Alexandrias) -Alexandria became one of the world's most important centers of trade |
| How did Alexander the Great spread Greek culture and idea? | -pushed Greek settlers to live in new cities-to protect the land -let everyone use their religion -had his local soldiers & government officials speak Greek. -encouraged persians to marry greeks -convinced pple he was a God -used religion to unite |
Created by:
rcooney27
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