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Fuedal/Imp. Japan
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Trade embargo | A limit/restriction on trade. This is present in feudal Japan during the Tokugawa Shogunate. |
Japanese feudalism | An economic system that intertwined with a tiered social structure and centered around contracts between daimyos and samurai. |
Social classes | Groups which were included in a tiered structure based on power, with the emperor, shogun, and daimyos at the top of the structure, samurai in the middle, and craftspeople/artisans, farmers, peasants, and merchants in the bottom half of the structure. |
Samurai | A warrior class equivalent to knights in European feudalism. Just as European knights served lords, samurai served daimyo (landowners). |
Daimyo | Wealthy landowners in the Japanese feudal system whose land was managed and safekept by samurai. |
Shogun | A military leader who held Japan’s political power and was chosen by the emperor. |
Emperor | The religious or ritual-oriented leader of Japan who held no political power except for their privilege to choose the shogun |
Bushido | The code of conduct a samurai was required to follow. |
Seppuku | Ritual suicide that was performed by a samurai or daimyo, either willingly or when they were ordered to, as punishment for a loss of morality. |
Tokugawa Ieyasu | The founder of the Tokugawa Shogunate. |
Tokugawa Shogunate | A military government that lasted from 1600 to 1868 and was notable for the cutoff of trade and the attempt to preserve Japanese feudal culture. |
Industrialization | The development of manufacturing via factories. |
Westernization of Japan | Becoming more similar to a Western nation in areas such as military, communication, travel, clothing, and more. |
Meiji Restoration | The restoration of the emperor’s political power in 1868. |
Second Sino-Japanese War | Japan invades China from 1937 to 1945, resulting in the conquer of Northern China and the deaths of many, many Chinese civilians. |
War in the Pacific | A segment of WWII, lasting from 1941 to 1945, in which Japan fought the US, UK, and China. |
World War II | A world war lasting from 1937 to 1945 and consisting of the War in Europe and the War in the Pacific. |
Manchuria/Manchukuo Dynasty | Japan invades Manchuria in 1932 and creates a puppet government with the last emperor of the Qing dynasty, creating the Manchukuo Dynasty. |
Philippines Campaign | The US removes Japan from the Phillippines over 1944 and 1945. |
Hideki Tojo | The prime minister of Japan who was in charge during the War in the Pacific and the Sino-Japanese War and later convicted of war crimes due to his actions during these conflicts. |
Isoroku Yamamoto | The admiral who planned the Pearl Harbor attack and managed the desicions and actions of Japan during the War in the Pacific. |
Pearl Harbor | On the 7th of Dec., 1941, Japanese forces attacked Pearl Harbor, leading the U.S. to take action during WWII. |
Doolittle Raids | The US bombs Tokyo in April of 1942 by launching from aircraft carriers, dropping their bombs, and then depositing and abandoning the planes with allies in China. |
Battle of Midway | A 1942 naval battle around Midway Island between Japan and the US. The US wins the battle and causes significant damage to the Japanese army. |
Battle of Iwo Jima | A component of the island hopping campaign that occurred in March 1945. |
Battle of Okinawa | A component of the island hopping campaign that occurred in April 1945. |
Kamikaze | Japanese pilots who flew bombs into US aircraft carriers and other ships. The strategy was not regarded as very effective at slowing down the U.S. |
Axis Powers | Three military powers, Germany, Italy, and Japan, that were involved in WWII. |
Tripartite Pact | A 1940 treaty that involved the Axis powers and was centered around the idea that if one of them were to be attacked, all would fight back. |
Manhattan Project | The name of the project to create atomic weaponry. |
Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki | The bombing of Hiroshima (6 Aug. 1945) and Nagasaki (9 Aug. 1945) using atomic weaponry due to the cities’ importance to Japanese war efforts. |