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Unit 1 Vocabulary
SSUSH 1-3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mercantilism | Economic theory that the earth holds a limited supply of raw materials. Mother countries get raw materials from colonies to acquire more wealth (keep exports >imports) |
| Navigation Acts | Britain's attempt to ensure colonies only traded with Britain. Goods transported on British ships, items go through British ports, items exported only to Britain |
| Triangular Trade/Transatlantic Trade | 3 part trade route from England -->West Africa --> Colonies; traded manufactured goods, slaves, and raw materials. |
| Indentured Servants | free people signed a contract to work for a set number of years to pay for passage to America; 1st form of labor |
| Middle Passage | transAtlantic journey from West Africa to Americas where slaves were transported (part of triangular trade) |
| cash crop | crop produced for commercial (money) use, not food. Ex: tobacco, cotton, indigo, sugar cane |
| Jamestown | 1st permanent English settlement in American colonies (VA) |
| Virginia Company | joint-stock company financed by investors to establish a colony for profit in America |
| John Smith | English leader to helped keep Jamestown colony alive by creating laws to ensure welfare of colony; EX. work to eat |
| John Rolfe | English settler married to Pocahontas that helped cultivate tobacco in Virginia colony |
| Powhatan | leader of natives in Chesapeake Bay; father of Pocahontas; helped English in Jamestown in the beginning of the colony |
| Act of Toleration | Maryland law mandating religious tolerance for all Christians (Protestant and Catholic) |
| James Oglethorpe | founder of Georgia; established strict rules |
| Puritans | religious group that wanted to "purify" the Church of England and settled Massachusetts Bay Colony under John Winthrop; strict beliefs |
| Pilgrims | religious group wanted to separate from Church of England; settled Plymouth colony under William Bradford |
| Mayflower Compact | document signed by Pilgrims on Mayflower. Pledge by colonists to govern themselves |
| King Phillip's War | Bloody conflict between Native Americans led by Metacom and Puritans. Marks end of native resistance in New England |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | First written constitution in America; est. elected government |
| New Amsterdam/New Netherland | Dutch colony at present day New York City; commercial venture; taken over by England and renamed New York |
| William Penn | Founder of Pennsylvania; safe haven for Quakers |
| self-government | gov't under control of the inhabitants of a political unit rather than an outside authority (colonies make their own gov't instead of listening to England) |
| Salutary Neglect | period when Britain allowed colonies to self-govern with little enforcement of British laws |
| House of Burgesses | 1st representative legislature in colonies. Virginia |
| Bacon's Rebellion | led by Nathanial Bacon to overthrow Virginia government; shows poor colonists wanted representation too; led to more use of slaves |
| Great Awakening | religious revival that challenged established authorities and led colonist to start questioning church and political officials --> ideas of independence |
| "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" | emotional sermon that urged congregations to repent and not provoke all-knowing God written by minister Jonathan Edwards |
| French and Indian War | war fought between Great Britain and France that started over land in in the American Colonies (Ohio River Valley); British victory |
| 1763 Treaty of Paris | ended the French and Indian War; gave Britain all land east of Mississippi River and Canada |
| Proclamation of 1763 | passed by Parliament to prevent colonists from settling land west of Appalachian Mountains; meant to stop conflicts with Natives in Ohio River Valley lands |
| Stamp Act | British tax on any printed item; affected everyone in the colonies; met with widespread anger |
| Committee of Correspondence | est. to communicate between colonies about concerns with British rule; wrote letters to unite against Britain |
| Sons of Liberty | est. to protest British taxes; male based & often violent |
| Daughters of Liberty | est. to protest British taxes; women who supported boycotts by creating homespun goods |
| Tea Act | tax on tea making British tea cheaper --> Boston Tea Party |
| Boston Tea party | Sons of Liberty protest; colonist threw over 300 chests of tea from British ship into Boston Harbor |
| Intolerable Acts | punishment for Boston Tea Party: closed port until tea repaid; British officials tried in England; Mass. gov't suspended; Quartering Act |
| Quartering Act | British soldiers had to be housed and fed at expense of colonists |
| Common Sense | pamphlet by Thomas Paine in Jan. 1776 that gave clear, logical explanation of why American should be independent |
Created by:
edaughtrey
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