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USH Unit 8
SSUSH 20&21
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cold War | four decade struggle for political supremacy between the western democratic nations (mainly USA) and the communist Soviet Union |
| Harry Truman | president at end of WWII and beginning of Cold War |
| Truman Doctrine | began US foreign policy of containment of commuinism |
| containment | US foreign policy to combat the spread of communism during Cold War; successful in Europe not in Asia or Cuba |
| Marshall Plan | US send money to aid 22 European nations to prevent communism to spreading to Western Europe |
| satellite states | Eastern European nations controlled by the Soviet Union |
| Mao Zedong | communist leader of China |
| Korean War | communist North Korea invaded democratic South Korea, United Nations (mostly US) defended South Korea; still divided at 38th parallel; armistice still in place; no treaty/ containment partial success |
| G.I. Bill of Rights | low interest loans for homes and new businesses to former soldiers; grants for soldiers to attend college |
| Levittown, NY | first suburban housing development |
| National Interstate and Defense Highways Act | created a system of highways for strategic transportation of troops and supplies; link population centers across the nation |
| Joseph McCarthy | WI Senator claimed that communist sympathizers had infiltrated the US Dept of State, but had no evidence |
| McCarthyism | became a derogatory term for baseless accusations |
| Integration of Armed Forces | Truman signed an executive order ending the segregation of the armed forces during the Korean War |
| Brown v. Board of Education | overturned Plessy v. Ferguson; Supreme Court ordered that public schools end segregation |
| Massive Resistance | southern states shut down state education systems rather than integrate the schools after Brown decision |
| Little Rock Nine | example of massive resistance; president Eisenhower used military to enforce law and escort Black children to school |
| Sputnik | Soviet launched first satellite into orbit; led to US increase in math and science education, creation of NASA |
| missile gap | perception that Soviets had superior technology and could attack US |
| massive retaliation | proclaimed that the US would answer any military attack with all out military and atomic capacity |
| domino theory | led to American intervention in Vietnam |
| Fidel Castro | communist Cuban leader that overthrew government and named himself dictator for life; containment failed in Cuba |
| Bay of Pigs | CIA trained Cuban rebels failed to overthrow Castro; revealed US backing; Cuba gained Soviet support |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | Soviet placed missiles in Cuba; they removed when US removed missiles from Turkey and agreed not to invade Cuba; 13 days of uncertainty; JFK praised for avoiding war |
| Vietnam War | US supported democratic South Vietnam against communist North Vietnam; lost, containment failed in Vietnam |
| Ho Chi Minh | communist leader of North Vietnam |
| Viet Cong | communist guerilla fighters in Vietnam |
| Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | gave the President authorization to conduct military operation in Southeast Asia without a formal declaration of war |
| JFK assassination | gave new president, LBJ, political capital to honor JFK with domestic legislation including Civil Rights |
| Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 | LBJ launched war on poverty |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and the racial segregation of public accommodations |
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 | ended use of literacy tests for voting and mandated federal oversight of elections in southern states |
| Great Society | LBJ program of attacking the endemic problem of poverty in the US; included Medicare and Medicaid, education funding including Job Corps and Head Start |
| impact of television | replaced radio, common national culture, Nixon-Kennedy debate 1960, televised Civil rights protests, televised Vietnam War events, televised moon landing |
| Montgomery Bus Boycott | started with Rosa Parks refusal; successfully ended discrimination in busing in Montgomery |
| Southern Christian Leadership Conference | civil rights organization led by MLK, used non-violent civil disobedience |
| Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) | student led organization that led sit-ins and nonviolent protests; transitioned to fighting violence with violence |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. | civil rights movement leader set the tone and example for nonviolent protests |
| Letter from Birmingham Jail | King's defense of the nonviolent methods used to attack racism |
| I Have a Dream Speech | MLK speech in 1963 March on Washington called forth an ideal in which racism and bigotry would end and all races could live in harmony with one another |
| Freedom Summer | 1964 voter registration drive in Mississippi and Alabama |
| Cesar Chavez | notable leader of the Latino civil rights movement |
| United Farm Workers | organization used nonviolent protests and boycotts to protest against Latino farm worker discrimination |
| 1968 | tumultuous year including Tet Offensive, assassinations of MLK and RFK, police-protester violence at DNC |
| Tet Offensive | January 1968 attack on 100 South Vietnam cities and American bases/ televised and turned many more Americans against war |
| silent majority | Richard Nixon claimed that he represented the "silent majority" of socially conservative Americans who had grown tired of the liberal excesses and violence of the1960s. |
| Freedom Rides | 1961 test of the new federal laws that outlawed discrimination on interstate bus lines; met with violence in the south |
Created by:
coachbbenton
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