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USH Unit 7
SSUSH 17-19
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Great Depression | worst economic downturn in US history (1930s) |
| 5 causes of Great Depression | overproduction, underconsumption, stock market crash, disparity in wealth, banking panic |
| buying on margin | borrowing money to purchase stocks |
| Dust Bowl | worst drought in US history, began in 1931. Overproduction in farming in Great Plains during Great Depression |
| Okies | migrants fled Dust Bowl to the west coast |
| Grapes of Wrath | John Steinbeck's book about Okies fleeing Dust Bowl during Great Depression |
| Hoovervilles | shantytowns built by homeless during Great Depression, name criticized president Hoover |
| New Deal | FDR's series of government-funded programs to end the Great Depression |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | 32nd president elected 4 times beginning in 1932 |
| 3 R's of New Deal | relief, recovery, reform |
| Bank Holiday | FDR used executive order to close all banks to stop runs on the banks |
| Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) | granted federal money to state and local governments for operating soup kitchens and meeting the basic needs of the homeless |
| Public Works Administration (PWA) | provided money to states for the construction of roads, bridges, and dams |
| Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) | hired young men to work on land projects |
| Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | hired thousand of workers in the very rural Tennessee Valley to build dams, power plants, and work to control flooding and erosion |
| Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) | created to shore up public confidence in the banking system |
| Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) | farmers were granted subsidies which would help recover crop prices by cutting production; unconstitutional |
| Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) | created to regulate the stock market |
| Second New Deal | FDR's plan to address the needs of groups who did not directly benefit from the New Deal |
| Social Security Act | provided for old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid to the disabled; excluded ag workers, teachers, domestic help mostly jobs held by women and Blacks |
| Huey Long | liberal challenger to FDR proposed "Share Our Wealth" program to guarantee a household income to each family; assassinated |
| Court Packing Plan | FDR wanted to add justices to Supreme Court; soured the nation on the New Deal |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | FDR's wife; changed the role of First Lady to activism |
| World War II | 1940s; US joined Allies to defeat the Axis powers after Pearl Harbor attack; defeat Nazis; atomic bombs on Japan |
| Pearl Harbor | US navy base in Hawaii; attacked by Japan Dec. 7, 1941; ended neutrality; US declared war and joined WWII |
| Cash and Carry | neutrality act that required countries to pay cash and carry trade materials; only GB and France could afford |
| Lend-Lease | replaced cash and carry so US could loan war materials to allies |
| Pacific Theater | fighting Japan in WWII using strategy of Island Hopping |
| Battle of Midway | American victory turning point in Pacific theater |
| Manhattan Project | code name for a secret research and development program whose goal was to build an atomic weapon during WWII |
| Los Alamos | location of the first atomic weapon test |
| Hiroshima and Nagasaki | Japanese cities where USA dropped atomic bombs |
| European Theater | fighting against Nazis and Fascists in WWII |
| D-Day | turning point in European Theater; Allied invasion of Nazi occupied France at Normandy; largest seaborne invasion in history |
| Battle of Berlin | Soviets captured German capital; Hitler committed suicide |
| War Production Board | responsible for regulating the production and allocation of materials and fuel |
| wartime conversion | privately owned manufacturing companies made war goods; ex: Ford made tanks and airplanes |
| rationing | citizens required rationing stamps to purchase items based on family size; goods given up were sent overseas for war effort |
| Rosie the Riveter | government created fictional working woman to recruit women into workforce during WWII |
| A. Philip Randolph | Black labor organizer to fight discrimination in hiring; got FDR to issue executive order prohibiting discrimination on government contracted jobs |
| Executive Order 9066 | 110,000 Japanese-Americans were removed from the west coast and place in internment camps during WWII |
Created by:
coachbbenton
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