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USH Unit 5
SSUSH 11-14
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Railroad Industry | Big businesses used mass production to connect vast regions of the United States and allowed for the efficient transport of goods. |
| steel industry | made possible the expansion of railroads given that the tracks are made of steel |
| Carnegie Steel | corporation produced more steel than any other company in the world |
| Andrew Carnegie | big business owner of Carnegie Steel; philanthropist |
| Oil Production | increased after rr expansion; drilled in remote areas, rr shipped oil to cities |
| Standard Oil | corporation that controlled 90% of US oil industry |
| John D. Rockefeller | big business owner of Standard Oil trust; had monopoly on oil industry |
| vertical integration | business owns every step on manufacturing process |
| horizontal integration | business buys out competitors in same industry |
| trusts | combining multiple companies into one to eliminate competition |
| monopoly | one company controls market; bad for consumers |
| telegraph | first nationwide information transmitter; morse code |
| telephone | invented by Alexander Graham Bell to allow voice to voice communication over electric wires |
| electric light bulb | invented by Thomas Edison; replaced lamp oils; 24-7 factories |
| Ellis Island | immigration station in New York for European immigrants to enter US |
| Angel Island | immigration station in California for Asian immigrants to enter US |
| labor union | workers banded together to demand better pay and working conditions |
| American Federation of Labor | example of one of the early labor unions in the US that wielded significant power; founded by Samuel Gompers |
| strikes and protests | strategies used by labor unions to achieve their demands |
| transcontinental railroad | connects Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; built by immigrants; funded by Federal Government |
| Homestead Act | encouraged western settlement with sell of cheap farmland |
| cowboys | drove cattle through open range to rr's to be shipped east |
| barbed wire fencing | ranching closed the open range; impacted Plains Indians nomadic lifestyles following buffalo herds |
| plowing and scientific farming | made farming in the west possible and more desirable for settlers making a new start |
| Fort Laramie Treaty | treaty with Natives; violated by gold seeking Americans which led to warfare |
| Great Sioux War | US army vs Plains Indians; US destroyed buffalo population and forced natives onto reservations |
| Battle of Little Big Horn | Sitting Bull led native defeat of US forces; Custer's Last Stand |
| Ghost Dance Movement | native religious movement to reestablish their ancestral lands and repopulate the buffalo herd to restore Sioux's lost greatness |
| Wounded Knee | massacre of over 300 Sioux including women and children; end of resistance to white settlers' westward expansion |
| Progressives | reformers aiming to get the federal government to make improvements in America's political and social environment in late 1800s and early 1900s |
| muckraker | journalists who uncovered corruption and problems hidden from society |
| The Jungle | book by muckraker Upton Sinclair exposed unsafe working conditions and unclean procedures in meatpacking industry |
| Meat Inspection Act | federal law passed after the publication of The Jungle |
| Ida Tarbell | muckraker published The History of the Standard Oil Company; exposed Rockefeller's unethical practices |
| Jacob Riis | photojournalist muckraker that published How the Other Half Lives; exposed unhealthy living conditions of tenement apartments |
| Jane Addams | founder of Hull House, a settlement house for the purpose of providing educational opportunities for immigrants, especially immigrant women |
| Jim Crow Laws | southern states' legal framework for separating Whites and Blacks; segregation laws |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | supreme court case that ruled "separate but equal" was constitutional |
| National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) | founded in 1909 to secure for all people the rights guaranteed in the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution |
| 17th Amednement | direct election of US Senators; political power taken from state legislatures and given to people |
| initiative/referendum | allows voters to propose then approve/reject laws directly |
| recall | allows voters to remove politicians from office who are unsatisfactory |
| labor laws | restricted business owners powers; protect women and children; minimum wage and maximum hours; worker's comp for injuries |
| conservation movement | nature could be used responsibly but it should also be protected |
| National Forest Service | created by president Theodore Roosevelt; included five new national parks and conservation programs |
| USS Maine | American battleship that exploded and sank in Havana (Cuba) Harbor in 1898 |
| De Lome Letter | Spanish letter criticizing president McKinley and America |
| Spanish American War | US defeated Spain in four month war in 1898 |
| Rough Riders | volunteer Army unit led by Theodore Roosevelt in Spanish American War |
| 1898 Treaty of Paris | ended Spanish American War; Cuba independent, Puerto Rico, Guam and Philippines US territories |
| Philippine American War | four year guerilla war against American occupation; America won and Philippines became territory |
| imperialism | acquisition of overseas territories to build an empire |
| Anti Imperialist League | founded to oppose the annexation of the Philippines |
| Panama Canal | man made waterway constructed by US in Panama; connects Atlantic and Pacific Oceans |
| Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine | issued by president Theodore Roosevelt; US would intervene in Latin American countries to prevent their takeover by any other nation |
| Big Stick Diplomacy | President Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy; use military if negotiations fail |
Created by:
coachbbenton
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