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USH Unit 4
SSUSH 8-10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Missouri Compromise | 1820; Missouri slave state, Maine free state, 36'30" line slavery border |
| James K. Polk | 11th President; encouraged manifest destiny/westward expansion; annexed Texas and Oregon territory |
| Manifest Destiny | phrase coined to describe the belief that America was to expand and settle the entire continent of North America |
| Mexican American War | war fought over border of Texas; America acquired "Mexican Cession"; sectionalism intensified |
| Mexican Cession | territory acquired from Mexico; included California and New Mexico territories |
| Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo | ended Mexican American War; included Mexican Cession of territory to the US |
| Wilmot Proviso | failed attempt in Congress to prevent slavery from expanding into Mexican Cession territory |
| Compromise of 1850 | Cali entered as free state; voters decide slave/free in other Mexican Cession states; increased fugitive slave law; end slave trade in DC |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | overturned Missouri Compromise, introduced popular sovereignty to the Kansas and Nebraska territories |
| Popular Sovereignty | rule by the people; allowed citizens of territories to decide free or slave state |
| Bleeding Kansas | violence between antislavery and proslavery people in Kansas territory; popular sovereignty failed |
| Republican Party | political party created after Kansas-Nebraska Act to oppose expansion of slavery |
| Dred Scott Decision | Scott v. Sanford 1857; SC ruled against Scott, Missouri Compromise unconstitutional |
| John Brown's Raid on Harper's Ferry | John Brown led group in a raid on the federal armory in hopes of arming slaves for a rebellion; raid failed |
| Election of 1860 | Republican Abraham Lincoln elected president; southern states try to secede (separate from) the United States |
| Civil War | 1861-1865; Union vs. Confederacy; Union wins |
| Union Advantages | larger population, railroads, industry, more food |
| Confederate Advantages | strong military leadership |
| Gettysburg Address | speech by Lincoln to urge the continuation of the fight and win the war to preserve "government of the people, by the people, and for the people" |
| Second Inaugural Address | Lincoln's speech reminding about preservation of the Union "with malice toward none; with charity for all" |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Lincoln's use of executive powers to enlarge the purpose of the Civil War to include abolishing slavery and also opened the way for Blacks to join the Union Army |
| habeas corpus | legal rule that anyone imprisoned must be taken before a judge to determine if the prisoner is being legally held in custody. (suspended by Lincoln) |
| Ulysses S. Grant | commander of the Union Army at end of Civil War |
| Robert E. Lee | Confederate commander; thought to be one of the most capable military men in country |
| Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson | military tactician and great commander for Lee's Confederate Army |
| William T. Sherman | Union General victorious in Battle of Atlanta and "March to the Sea" across Georgia |
| Jefferson Davis | president of the Confederacy during Civil War |
| Abraham Lincoln | president of the United States during Civil War |
| Fort Sumter | first battle of Civil War |
| Battle of Antietam | Lee's failure to win on Union soil encouraged Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation; bloodiest one day battle; first major battle on Union soil |
| Battle of Gettysburg | deadliest battle of Civil War; Union victory is turning point; Lee's last attempt to invade North |
| Battle of Vicksburg | Grant's successful siege to gain Union control of the Mississippi River |
| Battle of Atlanta | Sherman's victory included burning Atlanta, destroying railroads, and the March to the Sea |
| March to the Sea | Sherman and him men destroyed railways, roads, bridges, crops, livestock from Atlanta to Savannah |
| Reconstruction | 1865-1877; involved the rebuilding of the South after the Civil War and readmitting the Confederate states into the Union |
| Presidential Reconstruction | approach that promoted more leniency towards the South regarding plans for readmission to the Union |
| Congressional Reconstruction | blamed the South and wanted retribution for causing the Civil War |
| Radical Republicans | wanted to severely punish the South for the Civil War |
| Andrew Johnson | president after Lincoln's assassination; first president impeached (remained in office by one vote) |
| Tenure of Office Act | law Johnson ignored that led to his impeachment |
| First Reconstruction Act | divided the South into five military districts that were administered by military governors |
| Freedmen's Bureau | created to ease freed slaves' transition from enslavement to freedom |
| 13th Amendment | free; ended slavery |
| 14th Amendment | citizens; all people born in USA are citizens (including former slaves) and states must protect all citizens equally with due process |
| 15th Amendment | vote; states cannot restrict voting based on race |
| Black Codes | state laws designed to regulate relations between White Southerners and newly freed slaves |
| Ku Klux Klan | racist organization that used violence and intimidation to keep Blacks from voting |
| Election of 1876 | Hayes v. Tilden; Tilden won popular vote, but not electoral college; House chose Hayes - led to Compromise of 1877 |
| Compromise of 1877 | ended Reconstruction; Hayes withdrew troops from South in exchange for presidency |
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coachbbenton
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