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USH Unit 3
SSUSH 6&7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| George Washington | 1st president of US; set precedents for office |
| precedent | action that sets a basis for similar situations that arise in the future |
| Whiskey Rebellion | rebellion of small farmers against whiskey tax; put down by Washington; precedent of presidents enforcing the law |
| Washington's Farewell Address | warned against political parties and foreign alliances; precedent of leaving after two terms |
| Alexander Hamilton | Washington's secretary of treasury |
| Thomas Jefferson | 3rd president of US; Washington's secretary of state; Louisiana Purchase |
| John Adams | 2nd president of US; Washington's vice president; Alien and Sedition Acts |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | law to limit immigration and limit free speech and press rights; can't criticize government; highly controversial |
| Election of 1800 | Jefferson defeats Adams; vote decided in House of Representatives; peaceful transfer of power to opposite party |
| Louisiana Purchase | 1803; US bought Louisiana territory from France |
| Jefferson's Dilemma | Louisiana purchases went against his strict constructionist beliefs; did it anyway |
| Lewis and Clark Expedition | government funded exploration of Louisiana territory and western lands to the Pacific Ocean |
| Marbury v. Madison | Supreme court decision that established judicial review |
| judicial review | The Supreme Court decides whether laws are constitutional or unconstitutional |
| James Madison | 4th president of US; War of 1812 |
| War of 1812 | US vs. GB; war ended in draw, but American identity established as strong nation with respect from foreign nations |
| Treaty of Ghent | ended War of 1812 as a draw |
| Battle of New Orleans | American victory in War of 1812 that took place after treaty was already signed; Andrew Jackson war hero |
| James Monroe | 5th president of the United States; Monroe Doctrine |
| Monroe Doctrine | Defined America's foreign policy as neutral in European wars and America would prevent Europe from interfering with independent Latin American countries |
| Andrew Jackson | 7th president of the United States; "common man" Democrat |
| Jacksonian Democracy | political philosophy: stronger executive - weaker legislative, common man, broad public participation |
| universal male suffrage | expanded voting rights to include all adult white males, not just landowners |
| spoils system | politicians appoint followers to government jobs |
| states' rights | political philosophy that states are more powerful than federal government |
| Nullification Crisis | South Carolina tried to nullify (cancel) federal tariff they opposed; Jackson threatened force, compromise ended |
| Indian Removal Act | 1830; law forced thousands of American Indians to leave their homelands and re-settle west of the Mississippi River |
| Trail of Tears | Cherokee's travel after forced removal from Georgia; thousands died |
| Worcester v. Georgia | SC decision ruled in favor of Cherokee, did not prevent Trail of Tears |
| Henry Clay | Whig leader; believed very strongly that the federal government should be involved in funding progress through infrastructure projects and investing in the development of industry |
| Industrial Revolution | power driven machines replaced hand made and homemade goods to accelerate production |
| American System | Henry Clay's plan for expanding production in the USA; tariffs, internal improvements, national bank |
| Erie Canal | manmade canal that connects the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean |
| Second Great Awakening | religious revival that led for Christians to attack perceived social ills in 19th Century America |
| Temperance Movement | reform movement to get people to drink less or abstain from drinking alcohol |
| Public Education Movement | led by Horace Mann for tax funded education for all children to create good citizens, unite society, and prevent crime and poverty |
| suffrage | right to vote |
| Women's Suffrage Movement | social reform movement led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott for to extend suffrage to women as well as men |
| Seneca Falls Convention | 1848; beginning of Women's Rights Movement; published Declaration of Sentiments "all men AND women are created equal" |
| cotton gin | invented by Eli Whitney in 1793: made cotton more profitable which revived slavery along with the westward expansion |
| "gag" rule | prevented the discussion of slavery in the House of Representatives from 1836-1844 |
| Abolitionist | someone who fights for the end of slavery |
| William Lloyd Garrison | white abolitionist published "Liberator" |
| Frederick Douglass | abolitionist, former slave, published autobiography and "North Star" |
| Nat Turner's Rebellion | slave rebellion in VA killed over 60 people; Turner and followers captured, tried, and executed. slave codes became more strict |
| Slave Codes | laws that restricted slaves rights and movements |
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coachbbenton
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