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USH Unit 1
SSUSH 1&2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Great Britain/British...England/English | European nation that founded the 13 colonies in North America that eventually became the United States of America. |
| Colonization | The process by which a nation takes control of foreign lands to gain wealth and power. |
| Mercantilism | Economic theory based on reducing a country's imports while expanding its exports in order to maximize wealth (inspired European colonization) |
| trans-Atlantic Trade | aka Triangular Trade; three step trade voyage around the Atlantic rim including the brutal and inhumane second leg: middle passage |
| Southern Colonies | VA, MD, SC, NC, GA; agricultural region focused on cash crops like tobacco, indigo, and rice |
| New England Colonies | MA, RI, CT, NH; rocky soil but plentiful forests and waterways led to shipbuilding, fishing, whaling, and commercial trade economy. Puritans. King Philip's War |
| Mid-Atlantic Colonies | NY, NJ, PA, DE: created from the previous Dutch New Netherland colony; rivers and harbors, cultural and religious diversity, commercial hub, wheat and corn farming |
| Middle Passage | Enslaved Africans brutal and forced voyage to the Americas where they were sold as a forced labor commodity to colonial landowners |
| Self-Government | long-standing tradition in the colonies where representative legislatures made own laws/taxes |
| Salutary Neglect | English policy under the mercantilist system where the colonies were less restricted in their ability to build up their own trade networks and govern themselves locally |
| Great Awakening | religious reaction to Enlightenment; placed emphasis on individual religious experience, challenge established authority, transferred to independence movement |
| Navigation Acts | Series of laws designed to keep England's own colonies from competing with their mother country by mandating three fundamental criteria for trans-Atlantic trade. |
| Indentured Servants | Typically lower class Englishmen who could not afford to pay for their voyage; worked for a land owner for a set period in exchange for their passage. |
| Cash Crops | labor intensive crops that are grown to be sold for profit |
| New Netherland | Dutch colony that was seized by the English and became the Mid-Atlantic colonies |
| Enlightenment | intellectual movement that emphasized logic and reason and stressed the power of the individual to understand the universe based on scientific laws |
| William Penn | Quaker founder of Pennsylvania; religious toleration and fair treatment of Natives |
| Jamestown | first permanent English settlement; founded in 1607; Virginia |
| Puritans | Religious dissenters that wanted to "purify" the Anglican Church; founded Massachusetts in New England; male church members governed through town meetings |
| Quakers | religious group that founded Pennsylvania; religious toleration, full membership for women, treat Natives fairly |
| Act of Toleration | law passed by Maryland legislative assembly that guaranteed religious freedom to all Christians - Protestant and Catholic |
| Examples of African cultural contributions | Creole and Gullah languages; "shotgun" style homes; foods such as okra, watermelon, yams, rice, and grits. |
| Dominion of New England | an attempt by the English crown to tighten control over the colonies by combining all NE colonies into one; rejected by colonists |
| House of Burgesses | first representative legislative assembly in America; Virginia |
| Bacon's Rebellion | rebellion by former indentured servants in Virginia; results: government work for all citizens, more reliant on slavery |
| Jonathan Edwards | Great Awakening minister that preached sermon, "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" |
| Mayflower Compact | early example of self-government; Pilgrims pledged to govern themselves through majority rule |
| King Philip's War | early and bloody conflict between English and regional American Indian tribal groups; started from English expansion into native territory in NE; colonists won war |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | America's first written constitution; established a representative government led by a popularly elected legislature and a governor chosen by that legislature |
| John Rolfe | produced tobacco that economically saved Virginia |
| Virginia Company | founded Jamestown in 1607 |
Created by:
coachbbenton
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