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Module 13
Module 13 - People and Empires in the Americas
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was a potlach? | A ceremony that displayed your rank and prosperity, where you gave food, drinks, and gifts to the community. |
| What were pueblos? | A village of big apartment-like buildings that were made of clay and stone, first built by the Anasazi and later by the people of the American Southwest. |
| What was a totem and what did it do? | An animal or other natural object, it served as a symbol in which a individual, clan, or group would identify with. |
| What impact did the North American societies have on our modern day society? | Traditions and ideas from their cultures became a part of the cultures of North America. |
| What was the Bering Strait land bridge and what was its significance? | Between 30,00 and 12,000 years ago, in the need of food, hunter-gatherers migrated from Asia and began to populate the Americas. |
| Who were the Anasazi? | An early group if Native American people who lived in the American Southwest. |
| Who were the Mississippians? | The last Mound Builder culture, they lasted from from AD 800 until the arrival of Europeans in the 1500s. |
| What was the Iroquois and what did it do? | A group of Native American people who spoke related languages and lived in the eastern Great Lakes region of North America who would go on to form an alliance in the late 1500s. |
| In what ways were Native American Tribes similar? | Similar culturally, trade, religious ideas, respect for land, and emphasis on family were similar among Native American Tribes. |
| Though mysterious, what are some possible reasons for the decline of the Maya civilization? | Overpopulation, druought, warfare, overuse of natural resources, and the loss of faith in their religion and leader are all possible reasons for the decline of the Mayan civilization. |
| What were some important achievements of the Mayan civilization? | In math, the concept of zero, architecture, the building of pyramids and temples, writing, Glyphs, astronomy, a calendar. |
| How were Mayan city-states connected? | Through alliances and trade, though independent, Mayan city-states were allowed to be connected. |
| What shaped most of Maya life? | Religion, they believed in many gods, and the fact that their rulers were to be godlike. |
| What was the social class structure of the Mayan civilization? | The highest class was the nobles and consisted of the best priests and warriors, the middle class was merchants and skilled artisans, and the lowest class was made up of peasant farmers. |
| What was Tikal? | A major center in present-day Guatemala that was once home to Maya civilization. |
| Who was Pocal? | Ruling from 603 to 683, Pocal was a Mayan ruler of Palenque who was buried in the Temple of Inscriptions. |
| What was Glyph? | A symbolic picture -- especially one used as part of a writing system for carving messages in stone. |
| What was a codex? | A book with pages that can be turned, like the ones we used today. |
| What was the "Popul Vuh"? | A book containing a version of the Mayan story of creation. |
| What two other city-states did the Aztecs join together with to form a Triple Alliance? | Joining Texcoco and Tlacopan, the Triple Alliance helped the city-states to gain control over neighboring regions through war. |
| What made the Valley of Mexico a good place to settle? | The fertile soil, accessible resources, and shallow lakes, made the Valley of Mexico the home of many powerful cultures. |
| What was the social class structure of the Aztec civilization? | At the top, the emperor, treated as a god and ruler. Then, the noble class, made of military leaders, government officials, and priests. Below, were commoners, merchants, craft workers, soldiers, and farmers. Finally, slaves, taken as captives in battle. |
| What were some important achievements of the Aztec civilization? | Creating, advancing, and achieving this such as a calendar, architecture and engineering, astronomy, mathematics, trade networks, military, causeways and a city on a lake, and a writing system, the Aztecs achieved a lot. |
| What were some reasons for the fall of the Aztecs? | The Aztecs ordered more people to sacrifice, where the people rebelled. During the rebellion and conflict between the Aztecs and the people that they conquered was occurring, the Spanish invaded and led to the decline and end of the Aztec Empire. |
| What were some reasons for the rise of the Aztecs? | United culture that is loyal to the emperor, more land, power, and prisoners for religious sacrifices, provides wealth and power and prisoners for religious sacrifice, are a few reasons for the rise of the Aztecs. |
| What role did religion play in Aztec society? | Religion played a major role in Aztec society. Tenochtitlán contained hundreds of temples and religious structures dedicated to the approximately 1,000 gods that the Aztecs worshiped. |
| Who was Montezuma I? | An Aztec ruler from 1440 to 1469; he ruled the Aztec Empire during the time when Tenochtitlán became a great urban city. |
| Who was Montezuma II? | Aztec ruler from 1440 to 1469; he ruled the Aztec Empire during the time when Tenochtitlán became a great urban city. |
| What role did religion play in Inca society? | Important to the Inca and helping tp reinforce the power of the state, the Inca worshiped fewer gods than the Aztec sand focused on key nature spirits. |
| In what ways had the Incas adapted to their environment? | With things such as warm weather, earthquakes, and the fact that the region was difficult to farm, the Incas used terraced farming to help develop crops in an area that was difficult to farm. |
| What were some reasons for the fall of the Aztecs? | Many physical and human resources were put into religious activities, the fact that enemies could also use roads to move troops, and people struggled to care for themselves with the removal of the welfare state, allowed the Spanish to conquer the empire. |
| What were some reasons for the rise of the Aztecs? | United culture that is loyal to the emperor, an interconnected empire that is easier to control, and able to care for entire population during good and bad times, were some reasons for the rise of the Aztecs. |
| What did the Inca government have control over? | Having almost total control over economic and social life, the Inca government controlled most economic activity, managing the production and distribution of goods. |
| What are some things that helped to unify the Inca? | Government, and as a result, religion, as well as language helped to unify the Inca, thought and imposed certain ideas among the Inca, causing them to stay together under one major line of thought. |
| Who was Pachacuti? | An Inca leader from 1438 to 1471. WIth the help of his son, Topa Inca, he expanded the Inca empire through the use of military force and political alliances. |
| What is a quipu? | An arrangement of knotted strings on a cord, used to record numerical information. |
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